精神分析视角下对隔代抚养青年社会化障碍问题的社会工作介入

Intervention of Social Work in the Problem of Socialization Disorders of Intergenerational Raising of Youth from the Perspective of Psychoanalysis

摘要: 随着中国特色社会主义市场经济的繁荣发展和城市化进程的加快，传统家庭结构下的育儿模式受到冲击，近年来，离婚已成为正常现象，留守儿童也逐年增加，在种种压力下，许多儿童只能与祖父母一起居住并由其抚养长大。隔代抚养下的代际沟通障碍会在一定程度上影响儿童的人格社会化进程与心理社会化发展，还会产生子女与父母间的亲子关系障碍，隔代抚养下子女存在的心理问题以及人际交往等问题在成年后显现出来，越来越被人们所关注。目前国内关于亲子关系的研究，心理学的研究最多，教育学次之，社会工作专业在该领域还未真正发挥出优势。本文在精神分析视角下，采用社会工作方法，对一个生长于隔代抚养家庭下存在社会化和亲子关系障碍的青年进行分析与介入，帮助其改善亲子关系，恢复其正常的社会功能。由于小兰在找到笔者时具有积极的求助动机，因此笔者的介入较有成效。本研究以描述小兰的经历为主，分析小兰早期童年创伤性经历对其当前的心理和行为问题的影响，笔者协助小兰一同认识其意识结构中的潜意识部分、帮助小兰认识、增强自我、最后鼓励小兰将个人的心理防御机制进行从消极到积极的改变。由于本文采用个案工作方法且工作时间较短，笔者进行了反思，希望能为后续隔代抚养家庭下的社会工作实务研究提供有益的参考。

Abstract: With the prosperous development of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics and the acceleration of urbanization, the traditional parenting model under the family structure has been impacted. In recent years, divorce has become a normal phenomenon, and left behind chil-dren have also increased year by year. Under various pressures, many children can only live with their grandparents and be raised by them. The intergenerational communication barriers under intergenerational upbringing can to some extent affect the process of personality socialization and psychological socialization development of children, and can also lead to obstacles in parent-child relationships between children and their parents. The psychological and interpersonal communica-tion problems of children under intergenerational upbringing are becoming increasingly promi-nent in adulthood and are being paid attention to. At present, there is the most research on par-ent-child relationships in China in psychology, followed by education. Social work majors have not yet fully demonstrated their advantages in this field. From the perspective of psychoanalysis, this article adopts social work methods to analyze and intervene in a young person who grew up in an intergenerational upbringing family with socialization and parent-child relationship disorders, helping them improve parent-child relationships and restore their normal social functions. Due to Xiaolan’s positive motivation to seek help when finding the author, the author’s intervention has been more effective. This study mainly describes Xiaolan’s experience and analyzes the impact of her early childhood traumatic experiences on her current psychological and behavioral problems. The author assists Xiaolan in understanding the subconscious part of her consciousness structure, helping her understand and enhance herself, and finally encouraging Xiaolan to change her person-al psychological defense mechanism from negative to positive. Due to the use of case study methods and the short working hours in this article, the author has reflected and hopes to provide useful reference for future practical research on social work under intergenerational upbringing families.