“旧货翻新”行为的刑事责任研究——基于知识产权保护的视角

Research on Criminal Liability for the Behavior of “Refurbishing Used Goods”: From the Perspective of Intellectual Property Protection

摘要: 旧货翻新行为的性质认定，要避免“一刀切”，应当做到具体情形具体分析。刑法对知识产权的保护要适度，权衡好个人权益与社会利益。在认定旧货翻新中的商标使用行为是否构成假冒注册商标罪时，需要从是否破坏商标的识别功能、是否符合该罪构成要件的角度分析。依据翻新对象是否具有完备性能，翻新行为可以分为清洗抛光型复活式翻新和更换零件型消灭式翻新。复活式翻新行为的本质，是在权利人商品上使用其商标，该行为不属于商标侵权犯罪。消灭式翻新行为改变了产品的同一性，使用原商标的行为破坏了商标的识别功能，使消费者产生混淆，情节严重的，构成假冒注册商标罪。

Abstract: In determining the nature of the behavior of refurbishing used goods, it is necessary to avoid a “one size fits all” approach and analyze specific situations. The protection of intellectual property rights in criminal law should be moderate, balancing individual rights and social interests. When determining whether the use of trademarks in the renovation of old goods constitutes the crime of counterfeiting registered trademarks, it is necessary to analyze from the perspective of whether it damages the recognition function of the trademark and whether it meets the constitutive requirements of the crime. According to whether the refurbished object has complete performance, the refurbishment behavior can be divided into cleaning and polishing type revival refurbishment and replacement part type elimination refurbishment. The essence of resurrection renovation behavior is to use the trademark of the right holder’s goods, and this behavior is not a trademark infringement crime. The act of eliminating refurbishment changes the identity of the product, and the use of the original trademark damages the recognition function of the trademark, causing confusion among consumers. If the circumstances are serious, it constitutes the crime of counterfeiting a registered trademark.