血脂异常流行现状及相关危险因素
Prevalence and Influencing Risk Factors of Dyslipidemia
DOI: 10.12677/ACM.2023.13112395, PDF,   
作者: 木尼热·木塔力甫, 李晓梅*:新疆医科大学第一附属医院心脏中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐
关键词: 血脂异常流行现状危险因素体力活动饮食模式Dyslipidemia Prevalence Risk Factors Physical Activity Dietary Pattern
摘要: 心血管疾病(CVD)是我国城乡居民死亡原因的首位,血脂异常、高血压、高血糖、不健康生活方式、吸烟等危险因素的流行是其主要原因。其中血脂异常是动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)的致病性危险因素,同时也是防止ASCVD及降低风险等级的重要干预靶点。由于经济的发展和不健康生活方式的流行,我国血脂异常患病率呈不断上升趋势,但知晓率、治疗率和控制率仍处于较低水平。因血脂水平升高导致的心血管事件也将持续增加。因此研究血脂异常的流行现状及相关危险因素,采取有效的预防和治疗措施已成为重要的公共卫生问题。
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among urban and rural residents in Chi-na, which is mainly caused by the high prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, unhealthy lifestyle, smoking and other risk factors. Dyslipidemia is a pathogenic risk factor for ath-erosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and it is also an important intervention target to pre-vent ASCVD and reduce the risk level. With the economic development and the prevalence of un-healthy lifestyles, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in China has been increasing, but the rates of awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidemia are still at a low level. Cardiovascular events caused by elevated lipid levels will also continue to increase. To analyze the prevalence of dyslipidemia and related risk factors, and to take effective prevention and treatment measures to reduce the prevalence of dyslipidemia have become an important public health issue.
文章引用:木尼热·木塔力甫, 李晓梅. 血脂异常流行现状及相关危险因素[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(11): 17090-17096. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.13112395

参考文献

[1] Zhao, D., Liu, J., Wang, M., Zhang, X. and Zhou, M. (2019) Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease in China: Current Features and Implications. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 16, 203-212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Ference, B.A., Ginsberg, H.N., Graham, I., Ray, K.K., Packard, C.J., et al. (2017) Low-Density Lipoproteins Cause Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. 1. Evidence from Genetic, Epidemiologic, and Clinical Studies. A Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Pan-el. European Heart Journal, 38, 2459-2472. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Zhao, S., Zhong, J., Sun, C. and Zhang, J. (2021) Effects of Aerobic Exercise on TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG in Patients with Hyperlipidemia: A Protocol of Systematic Review and Me-ta-Analysis. Medicine, 100, e25103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[4] 何欣, 顾宁. 免疫细胞与动脉粥样硬化斑块研究进展[J]. 中国动脉硬化杂志,2021, 29(7): 629-634.
[5] Medina-Leyte, D.J., Zepeda-Garcia, O., Dominguez-Perez, M., Gon-zalez-Garrido, A., Villarreal-Molina, T. and Jacobo-Albavera, L. (2021) Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease: Potential Biomarkers and Promising Therapeutical Approaches. International Journal of Mo-lecular Sciences, 22, Article 3850. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Pirillo, A., Casula, M., Olmastroni, E., Norata, G.D. and Catapano, A.L. (2021) Global Epidemiology of Dyslipidaemias. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 18, 689-700. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Nelson, A.J., Rochelau, S.K. and Nicholls, S.J. (2018) Manag-ing Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 47, 153-173. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] 中国血脂管理指南修订联合专家委员会. 中国血脂管理指南(2023年) [J]. 中华心血管病杂志, 2023, 51(3): 221-255.
[9] Collaboration, N.C.D.R.F. (2020) Repositioning of the Global Epicentre of Non-Optimal Cholesterol. Nature, 582, 73-77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Liu, T., Zhao, D. and Qi, Y. (2022) Global Trends in the Epide-miology and Management of Dyslipidemia. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11, Article 6377. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators (2018) Global, Regional, and Na-tional Comparative Risk Assessment of 84 Behavioural, Environmental and Occupational, and Metabolic Risks or Clus-ters of Risks for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 392, 1923-1994. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[12] 中国心血管健康与疾病报告编写组. 中国心血管健康与疾病报告2022概要[J]. 中国循环杂志, 2023, 38(6): 583-612.
[13] Zhang, M., Deng, Q., Wang, L., Huang, Z., Zhou, M., Li, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhang, Y. and Wang, L. (2018) Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Achievement of Low-Density Lip-oprotein Cholesterol Targets in Chinese Adults: A Nationally Representative Survey of 163, 641 adults. International Journal of Cardiology, 260, 196-203. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Zhao, D. (2019) Epidemic Trend and Treatment Control of Dyslipidemia in Chinese Population. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi, 47, 341-343. (In Chinese)
[15] 李苏宁, 张林峰, 王馨, 陈祚, 董莹, 郑聪毅, 王佳丽, 亢玉婷, 王增武, 朱曼璐, 高润霖, 代表中国高血压调查研究组. 2012-2015年我国年龄≥35岁人群血脂异常状况调查[J]. 中华高血压杂志, 2020, 28(10):106-106.
[16] 赵旺, 叶平, 胡大一, 等. 根据《中国成人血脂异常防治指南(2016年修订版)》再分析DYSIS-China横断面调查[J]. 中国心血管杂志, 2020,25(1): 55-61.
[17] Moran, A., Gu, D., Zhao, D., Coxson, P., Wang, Y.C., Chen, C.S., Liu, J., Cheng, J., Bibbins-Domingo, K., Shen, Y.M., He, J. and Goldman, L. (2010) Future Cardiovascular Disease in China: Markov Model and Risk Factor Scenario Projections from the Coronary Heart Disease Policy Model-China. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 3, 243-252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[18] Lu, Y., Zhang, H., Lu, J., Ding, Q., Li, X., et al. (2021) Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Availability of Lipid-Lowering Medications Among Primary Health Care Settings in China. JAMA Network Open, 4, e2127573.
[19] Berberich, A.J. and Hegele, R.A. (2022) A Modern Approach to Dyslipidemia. Endocrine Reviews, 43, 611-653. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Joint Committee on the Chinese Guidelines for Lipid M Management (2023) Chinese Guidelines for Lipid Management (2023). Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi, 51, 221-255. (In Chi-nese)
[21] Eckel, R.H., Grundy, S.M. and Zimmet, P.Z. (2005) The Metabolic Syndrome. Lancet, 365, 1415-1428. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[22] Meyer-Lindemann, U., Moggio, A., Dutsch, A., Kessler, T. and Sager, H.B. (2023) The Impact of Exercise on Immunity, Metabolism, and Atherosclerosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24, Article 3394. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Wu, Q., Gao, Z.J., Yu, X. and Wang, P. (2022) Dietary Regulation in Health and Disease. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 7, Article No. 252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Powell-Wiley, T.M., Poirier, P., Burke, L.E., Despres, J.P., Gordon-Larsen, P., Lavie, C.J., Lear, S.A., Ndumele, C.E., Neeland, I.J., Sanders, P., St-Onge, M.P., et al. (2021) Obe-sity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 143, e984-e1010. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[25] Lampropoulou, M., Chaini, M., Rigopoulos, N., Evangeliou, A., Papadopoulou-Legbelou, K. and Koutelidakis, A.E. (2020) Association between Serum Lipid Levels in Greek Children with Dyslipidemia and Mediterranean Diet Adherence, Dietary Habits, Lifestyle and Family Socioeco-nomic Factors. Nutrients, 12, Article 1600. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Clifton, P.M. (2019) Diet, Exercise and Weight Loss and Dyslipidaemia. Pathology, 51, 222-226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Ebbeling, C.B., Knapp, A., Johnson, A., Wong, J.M.W., Greco, K.F., Ma, C., Mora, S. and Ludwig, D.S. (2022) Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Insulin-Resistant Dyslipopro-teinemia—A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 115, 154-162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Yanai, H. and Yoshida, H. (2019) Beneficial Effects of Adiponectin on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerotic Progression: Mechanisms and Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20, Article 1190. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Schoeneck, M. and Iggman, D. (2021) The Effects of Foods on LDL Cholesterol Levels: A Systematic Review of the Accumulated Evidence from Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31, 1325-1338. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Bull, F.C., Al-Ansari, S.S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M.P., et al. (2020) World Health Organization 2020 Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54, 1451-1462. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Barone Gibbs, B., Hivert, M.F., Jerome, G.J., Kraus, W.E., Rosenkranz, S.K., Schorr, E.N., Spartano, N.L., Lobelo, F., et al. (2021) Physical Activity as a Critical Component of First-Line Treatment for Elevated Blood Pressure or Cholesterol: Who, What, and How?: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension, 78, e26-e37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[32] Davidson, M.H., Ballantyne, C.M., Jacobson, T.A., et al. (2011) Clinical Utility of Inflammatory Markers and Advanced Lipoprotein Testing: Advice from an Expert Panel of Li-pid Specialists. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 5, 338-367. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Varady, K.A., St-Pierre, A.C., Lamarche, B. and Jones, P.J. (2005) Effect of Plant Sterols and Endurance Training on LDL Parti-cle Size and Distribution in Previously Sedentary Hypercholesterolemic Adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59, 518-525. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Ferraro, R.A., Fischer, N.M., Xun, H. and Michos, E.D. (2020) Nutrition and Physical Activity Recommendations from the United States and European Cardiovascular Guide-lines: A Comparative Review. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 35, 508-516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[35] Moriyama, K. (2020) Associations between the Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Lifestyle Habits in Healthy Japanese. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 18, 260-266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Wang, Y. and Xu, D. (2017) Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Lipids and Lipoproteins. Lipids in Health and Disease, 16, Article No. 132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Tremblay, M.S., Aubert, S., Barnes, J.D., Saunders, T.J., Carson, V., Latimer-Cheung, A.E., Chastin, S.F.M., Altenburg, T.M., Chinapaw, M.J.M. and Participants, S.T.C.P. (2017) Sed-entary Behavior Research Network (SBRN)—Ter- minology Consensus Project Process and Outcome. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14, Article No. 75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Whitaker, K.M., Buman, M.P., Odegaard, A.O., Carpenter, K.C., Jacobs, D.R., Sidney, S. and Pereira, M.A. (2018) Sedentary Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Risk: An Isotemporal Sub-stitution Analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 187, 181-189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[39] Mansoubi, M., Pearson, N., Clemes, S.A., Biddle, S.J., Bodicoat, D.H., Tolfrey, K., Edwardson, C.L. and Yates, T. (2015) Energy Expenditure during Common Sitting and Standing Tasks: Examining the 1.5 MET Definition of Sedentary Behaviour. BMC Public Health, 15, Article No. 516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[40] Bey, L. and Hamilton, M.T. (2003) Suppression of Skeletal Mus-cle Lipoprotein Lipase Activity during Physical Inactivity: A Molecular Reason to Maintain Daily Low-Intensity Activity. The Journal of Physiology, 551, 673-682. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[41] Ekelund, U., Steene-Johannessen, J., Brown, W.J., Fagerland, M.W., Owen, N., Powell, K.E., Bauman, A., Lee, I.M., et al. (2016) Does Physical Activity Attenuate, Or Even Elimi-nate, the Detrimental Association of Sitting Time with Mortality? A Harmonised Meta-Analysis of Data from More Than 1 Million Men and Women. Lancet, 388, 1302-1310. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[42] Frydenlund, G., Jorgensen, T., Toft, U., Pisinger, C. and Aadahl, M. (2012) Sedentary Leisure Time Behavior, Snacking Habits and Cardiovascular Biomarkers: The Inter99 Study. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 19, 1111-1119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[43] Harris, J.L., Bargh, J.A. and Brownell, K.D. (2009) Priming Ef-fects of Television Food Advertising on Eating Behavior. Health Psychology, 28, 404-413.
[44] Messner, B. and Bern-hard, D. (2014) Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction and Early Atherogenesis. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 34, 509-515. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[45] Craig, W.Y., Palomaki, G.E., Johnson, A.M. and Haddow, J.E. (1990) Cigarette Smoking-Associated Changes in Blood Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels in the 8- to 19-Year-Old Age Group: A Meta-Analysis. Pediatrics, 85, 155-158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[46] Ma, B., Chen, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, R., Niu, S., Ni, L., Di, X., Han, Q. and Liu, C. (2020) Cigarette Smoke Exposure Impairs Lipid Metabolism by Decreasing Low-Density Lipoprotein Re-ceptor Expression in Hepatocytes. Lipids in Health and Disease, 19, Article No. 88. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[47] Shi, J., Bai, Y., Qiu, S., Li, Y., Kou, C., Tao, Y., Zhen, Q., Gu, Y., Yu, Y., Zhang, K., Cheng, Y. and Liu, Y. (2018) Classified Status of Smoking and Quitting Has Different Associa-tions with Dyslipidemia in Residents in Northeast China. Clinica Chimica Acta, 486, 209-213. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[48] Yousri, N.A., Suhre, K., Yassin, E., Al-Shakaki, A., Robay, A., Elshafei, M., Chidiac, O., Hunt, S.C., Crystal, R.G. and Fakhro, K.A. (2022) Metabolic and Metabo-Clinical Signatures of Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Retinopathy, and Dyslipidemia. Diabetes, 71, 184-205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[49] 郭远林, 唐熠达. 血脂异常与心血管疾病的临床热点与争议[J]. 中华检验医学杂志, 2018, 41(6): 415-419.
[50] 张丽丽, 卢艳慧, 成晓玲, 等. 中老年人群血清25羟维生素D水平与血脂异常相关性分析[J]. 中华内科杂志, 2016, 55(8): 599-603.