老龄化背景下老人殡葬问题刑法研究

Criminal Law Research on Funeral Problems of the Elderly in the Context of Aging

摘要: 老龄化的冲击使老人殡葬问题凸显，尤其是老龄化冲击下产生的特殊老人殡葬问题即社会养老机构、子女及其他亲属将濒死老人移送火化现象如何制裁问题。实践中对该现象的刑法规制路径存疑，而常常以行政处罚或单位内部处理草草结案，导致制裁力度不足。对此，笔者深刻分析此类事件背后的刑法规制法理基础，并剖析当前我国刑法规制现状存在的不足之处，为故意杀人罪、过失致人死亡罪规制不充分、渎职罪主体认定不明确及“未取得医生执业资格的人非法行医”规范解释不全面。同时，针对不足之处提出增加单位为犯罪主体、明确渎职罪适用主体及完善非法行医罪司法解释的规制完善路径，以期加强今后对此类事件的规制力度，有效预防此类事件再次发生。

Abstract: The impact of aging has highlighted the funeral problem of the elderly, especially the special funeral problem of the elderly arising under the impact of aging, that is, how to sanction the phenomenon of social pension institutions, children and other relatives transferring the dying elderly to cremation. In practice, there are doubts about the path of criminal law and regulation of this phenomenon, and cases are often hastily concluded with administrative punishment or internal handling of the unit, resulting in insufficient sanctions. In this regard, the author deeply analyzes the legal basis of the criminal law system behind such incidents, and analyzes the shortcomings of the current status of China’s criminal legal system, which are insufficient regulation of the crime of intentional homicide and the crime of manslaughter, unclear identification of the subject of the crime of dereliction of duty, and incomplete interpretation of the norm of “persons who have not obtained medical qualifications illegally practicing medicine”. At the same time, in view of the shortcomings, it is proposed to increase the unit as the subject of the crime, clarify the subject of the application of the crime of dereliction of duty, and improve the regulatory improvement path of the judicial interpretation of the crime of illegal medical practice, in order to strengthen the regulation of such incidents in the future and effectively prevent the recurrence of such incidents.