《新加坡调解公约》下我国国际和解协议直接执行制度的完善研究

Study on the Improvement of China’s Direct Enforcement System for International Settlement Agreements under the “Singapore Convention on Mediation”

摘要: 《新加坡调解公约》赋予了国际和解协议直接执行的效力，然而我国虽然签署了《新加坡调解公约》，但是国际和解协议仍不能在我国直接执行，这不利于商事调解在我国作为一种独立的争端解决方式发展。本文对《公约》的适用范围进行了解释，并论述了程序保障是我国国际商事和解协议获得强制执行力的正当性依据，当事人意思自治原则是其强制执行力的来源，证明了国际和解协议直接执行的合理性。因为目前我国存在缺少商事调解法规与程序，我国和解协议的效力不强，商事调解员专业化、职业化程度不高等问题，尚不能满足和解协议的直接执行。为实现与《公约》的衔接，我国应出台指导调解程序意见，认可国际商事和解协议的强制执行力，并加强调解员专业化培训与建立调解员资格认证制度的方式，促使国际和解协议能在我国直接执行。

Abstract: The “Singapore Convention on Conciliation” gives international settlement agreements direct enforceability, but although China has signed the “Singapore Convention on Conciliation”, international settlement agreements are still not directly enforceable in China, which is not conducive to the development of commercial conciliation as an independent means of dispute settlement in China. This paper explains the scope of application of the “Convention”, and discusses the procedural safeguards as the justification basis for China’s international commercial settlement agreement to obtain enforceability, and the principle of party autonomy as the source of its enforceability, which proves the feasibility of the direct enforcement of international settlement agreement. Because of the lack of commercial mediation regulations and procedures in China, the ineffectiveness of China’s settlement agreements, and the low degree of specialization and professionalization of commercial mediators, the direct enforcement of settlement agreements cannot yet be satisfied. In order to achieve convergence with the “Convention”, China should issue opinions to guide the mediation process, recognize the enforceability of international commercial settlement agreements, strengthen the professional training of mediators, and establish a qualification system for mediators, so as to promote the direct enforcement of international settlement agreements in China.