黄淮冬麦区小麦–夏玉米产量及积温特性分析

Yield and Accumulated Temperature Characteristics of Wheat and Summer Maize in Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Area

摘要: 本研究以小麦品种济麦22、济麦70等，夏玉米品种郑单958，运单76等为试验材料，结合当地的气候特性来探究黄淮冬麦区轮作系统中2茬作物的产量潜力、积温分布特性及适宜播期等。研究结果表明，产量最高的小麦–夏玉米品种组合搭配为“金禾12339-华单136”，其总产量可达20413.5 kg/hm²，比最低品种组合搭配增产8.79%。无论是小麦品种还是玉米品种，其产量除与生育期的积温有关外，与积温的利用效率也有很大的关系。在周年积温的分配上，夏玉米品种所需积温明显多于小麦品种，占到周年积温的大约一半，而另一半为小麦和农耗期所占有。通过高积温利用率品种的筛选利用和播期的合理调整，可以实现冬小麦–夏玉米的周年高产高效。根据积温特性分析，当地形成冬前壮苗的最佳播期为10月5日~15日，极限播期范围为10月1日~20日。

Abstract: In this study, wheat varieties Jimai 22 and Jimai 70, summer maize varieties Zhengdan 958 and Yundan 76 were used as experimental materials to explore the yield potential, accumulated tem-perature distribution characteristics and suitable sowing date of the two crops in the Huanghuai winter wheat rotation system combined with the local climate characteristics. The results showed that the highest yield of wheat-summer maize combination was “Jinhe 12339-Huadan 136”, and its total output could reach 20413.5 kg/hm², which was 8.79% higher than that of the lowest variety combination. The yield of both wheat and maize varieties is closely related to accumulated temperature and utilization efficiency of accumulated temperature during the growth period. In the distribution of annual accumulated temperature, the accumulated temperature required by summer maize varieties is significantly more than that of wheat varieties, accounting for about half of the annual accumulated temperature, and the other half is occupied by wheat and agricultural consumption period. In the distribution of annual accumulated temperature, the accumulated temperature required by summer maize varieties is significantly more than that of wheat varieties, accounting for about half of the annual accumulated temperature, and the other half is occupied by wheat and agricultural consumption period. The annual high yield and high efficiency of winter wheat and summer corn can be achieved through the selection and utilization of varieties with high accumulated temperature utilization and reasonable adjustment of sowing date. According to the analysis of accumulated temperature characteristics, the best sowing period of pre-winter strong seedlings was from October 5 to 15, and the limit sowing period was from October 1 to 20.