社会保障对老年人劳动参与的影响研究——基于CHARLS2018数据

Research on the Impact of Social Security on Labor Participation of the Elderly—Based on CHARLS2018 Data

摘要: 基于2018年全国健康与养老追踪调查数据，采用Logistic回归模型，实证分析社会保障对老年人劳动参与的影响。研究发现，养老保险参与、医疗保险使用对老年人的总体劳动、农业劳动和非农劳动参与都有显著的负向影响，且结果具有稳健性；不同类别社会保险所带来的影响存在差异，参与政府、企事业单位养老保险、医疗保险和居民养老保险会显著降低老年人劳动参与概率，而参与居民医疗保险则会提高劳动参与概率；异质性分析发现养老保险参与对女性、高教育程度的老年人农业劳动参与的抑制作用更大，医疗保险使用对男性、城市、低教育程度的老年人农业劳动参与的抑制作用更大；机制分析发现，医疗保险使用会通过自评健康影响老年人的劳动参与。

Abstract: Based on the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study data, a logistic regression model is used to empirically analyze the impact of social security on labor participation of the el-derly. Research has found that pension insurance participation and medical insurance use have a significant negative impact on the overall labor, agricultural labor, and non agricultural labor par-ticipation of the elderly, and the results are robust; the impact of different types of social insurance varies. Participating in government, enterprise and public institution pension insurance, medical insurance, and resident pension insurance significantly reduces the probability of elderly people’s labor participation, while participating in resident medical insurance increases the probability of labor participation; heterogeneity analysis found that the participation of pension insurance has a greater inhibitory effect on agricultural labor participation of women and elderly people with high education levels, while the use of medical insurance has a greater inhibitory effect on agricultural labor participation of men, cities, and elderly people with low education levels; mechanism analysis found that the use of medical insurance can affect the labor participation of elderly people through self-assessment of health.