论我国留置抗辩权的规范构造

On the Normative Structure of China’s Lien Defense Right

摘要: 我国法尚未规定债权性留置权，已经规定的物权性留置权制度存在一些缺陷，致使司法实践中出现留置权滥用的困境，而同时履行抗辩权受限于“合同有效性与义务对价性”具有天然的疏漏，难以满足某些情况下迫使对方给付的担保需求。就此，需要从实证法出发，扩张解释《民法典》第525条，以物权性留置权制度的成立条件为基础，从积极和消极两方面要件来构造我国法上的留置抗辩权规范。

Abstract: China’s law has not yet provided for creditor’s lien, and there are some shortcomings in the property lien system that has been provided, resulting in the dilemma of abuse of lien in ju-dicial practice, and at the same time, the performance of defense is limited by the “validity of contract and consideration of obligations”, which has natural omissions, and it is difficult to meet the guarantee needs of forcing the other party to pay under certain circumstances. In this regard, it is necessary to start from positive law, expand the interpretation of Article 525 of the Civil Code, and construct the lien defense norm in Chinese law from both positive and negative elements based on the conditions for the establishment of the property lien system.