阿尔茨海默病记忆障碍的基础实验模型研究

Basic Experimental Model of Memory Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease

摘要: 阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease，AD)是具有复杂病理特征的疾病，AD在病情发展过程中会对患者脑部造成不可逆的损害而导致记忆障碍，记忆缺失对正常生活有着影响，而且AD多发于老年人群体。对于日益加剧的人口老龄化现象，存在着极大的风险隐患。进行尸检样本的解剖研究对现阶段研究AD已经十分局限，进行动物模型研究可以寻求新突破口，在实验室中，可以通过细胞离体培养、转基因动物、特定环境设置、手术处理改变特定物质分泌等手段，直接明了地观测受试动物机体中各种有关物质的变化，例如淀粉样蛋白、神经原纤维缠结、γ分泌酶、炎症因子等与AD相关的物质的活性与水平，为后续开展针对性治疗奠定理论基础。此外，这些实验模型研究可帮助更好地理解该疾病的病理学机制，并为临床治疗提供思路。

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a disease with complex pathological characteristics, AD will cause irreversible damage to the patient’s brain during the development of the disease, resulting in memory impairment, memory loss has an impact on normal life, and AD is more common in the elderly. For the increasingly aging population phenomenon, there are great risks and hidden dangers. The anatomical study of autopsy samples has been very limited to the current research on AD, and the study of animal models can seek a new breakthrough. In the laboratory, the changes of various related substances in the body of tested animals can be directly and clearly observed by means of cell culture in vitro, transgenic animals, specific environmental settings, and surgical treatment to change the secretion of specific substances. For example, the activity and level of amyloid protein, neurofibrillary tangles, gamma secretase, inflammatory factors and other substances related to AD lay a theoretical foundation for subsequent targeted treatment. In addition, these experimental model studies can help better understand the pathological mechanisms of the disease and provide ideas for clinical treatment.