垄断协议与垄断条款的区分研究

The Study on Distinction between Monopoly Agreements and Monopoly Clauses

摘要: 我国反垄断法垄断协议制度借助《民法典》第153条原则性地对限制竞争协议的效力认定进行规定，一般情况下垄断协议因具有限制竞争目的或效果，产生扰乱市场公平竞争秩序的负面效应，违反《反垄断法》效力性强制性规定，当属无效民事法律行为，然而在司法实践及学理研究中，也存在协议因包含垄断条款而部分无效的情形。笔者通过考察垄断协议与垄断条款的区分必要性，建议将垄断条款概念引入垄断协议制度框架下，并分析垄断协议与垄断条款的识别要点，以满足精细化立法的现代化法治要求。

Abstract: The provisions of monopoly agreements in China’s Anti-Monopoly Law regulate, in principle, the effectiveness of agreements restricting competition under Article 153 of China’s Civil Code. In general, due to the purpose or effect of restricting competition and the negative effect of disrupting the order of fair competition in the market, the monopoly agreements violate the mandatory provisions on effectiveness of the Anti-Monopoly Law, and therefore the monopoly agreements belong to invalid civil legal behavior. However, in judicial practice and theological studies, there are also cases where an agreement containing a monopoly clause is partially ineffective. By examining the necessity of distinguishing between monopoly agreements and monopoly clauses, I propose to introduce the concept of monopoly clauses into the provisions of monopoly agreements. And I analyze the key points for identifying monopoly agreements and monopoly clauses in order to meet the requirements of the modern legal code with regard to precise legislation.