马尔库塞“单向度的人”思想探究及其启示

Marcuse’s “One-Way Man” Thought Exploration and Its Enlightenment

摘要: 马尔库“塞单向度的人”思想深刻地揭露了发达工业社会通过科学技术成为新型极权主义社会的机制。在这一社会背景下，科学技术的作用不仅仅是满足人们的基本需求，还包括控制和满足人们的“虚假需要”，这些虚假需要是由外部社会因素所制造和强加的。科技通过大众媒体和广告等手段，操纵人们的需求和欲望，使之变得单一和单向度化，进一步削弱了人们的否定性、批判性和超越性的能力。人们渐渐丧失了对社会和自身的深刻反思，变成了“单向度的人”。文章通过对马尔库塞笔下的政治、思想、文化等领域的阐述，分析“单向度的人”产生的原因, 并积极探索其出路, 为当前社会的发展提供理论依据。

Abstract: Marcuse’s thought of “one-way people” profoundly exposes that the developed industrial society has become a new type of totalitarian society with the help of the hidden ideology of science and technology. Science and technology use its mechanism to control and meet people’s “false needs”, which makes people lose their negativity, criticalness and transcendence, and people gradually lose Freedom has been reduced to a “one-way person”. Profoundly exposes that the developed industrial society has become a new type of totalitarian society with the help of the hidden ideology of science and technology. Science and technology use its mechanism to control and meet people’s “false needs” which makes people lose their negativity, criticalness and transcendence, and people gradually lose Freedom has been reduced to a “one-way person”. Through the elaboration of the political, ideological, cultural and other fields written by Marcuse, the article analyses the causes of “one-way people” and actively explores its way out, providing a theoretical basis for the development of the current society.