执行和解协议及实操程序之检视

Review of the Implementation of the Settlement Agreement and Practical Procedures

摘要: 执行和解是申请执行人与被执行人之间达成的和解，属于意思自治。我国关于执行和解的司法解释已经运行了五年之多，但仍然存在关于执行和解协议的性质、效力，以及在执行程序中的部分争议。本文通过厘清执行和解协议的性质，明确其效力，并进一步在执行程序中对其实操内容进行弥补。和解协议本身仍然是私法方面的契约，不履行和解协议，则应当承担违约责任。《和解规定》关于确定的另诉，大大提高了被执行人的不履行成本，如果约定了违约金将会比原生效法律文书确定的债务更加严苛，也能更好地保护申请执行人的权益。

Abstract: Execution reconciliation is a reconciliation reached between the applicant and the person subjected to execution, which belongs to autonomy of will. China’s judicial interpretation on the implementation of reconciliation has been running for five years, but there are still some disputes about the nature and effectiveness of the implementation of reconciliation agreement and the implementation procedures. This paper clarifies the nature of the implementation of the settlement agreement, clarifies its effectiveness, and further makes up for the actual content in the implementation procedure. The settlement agreement itself is still a contract in private law. If the settlement agreement is not fulfilled, it shall be liable for breach of contract. The “Reconciliation Provisions” on the determination of another lawsuit greatly increases the non-performance cost of the person subjected to execution. If the liquidated damages are agreed, it will be more severe than the debts determined by the original effective legal documents, and it will also better protect the rights and interests of the applicant.