专利捐献原则适用研究

Research on the Application of Patent Infringement Donation Principle

摘要: 专利捐献原则是从美国引入的一项原则，其宗旨在于对专利侵权判定中的等同性进行限定，以避免专利权人产生“两头得利”，并维持专利权保护范围的稳定。但如果适用该原则过于苛刻，且缺乏必要的救济措施，部分未在权利要求书中要求保护的技术方案，可能被迫强制向社会公众捐献，但这一结果其实与专利权人的意愿相背离。从而不可避免地侵害专利权人的合法权益，打击创造者的积极性。这一不良现象必须得到遏制以实现利益的动态平衡，因此对捐献原则的适用予以适当的限定确有必要。而在我国，捐献原则作为专利法的一项制度被确立下来，其篇幅并不长，法律依据也仅限于一般性、原则性规定的司法解释。文章将结合中国的实际，充分借鉴美国适用捐献原则的先进经验，提出更具可操作性的完善建议。

Abstract: The principle of patent donation is a principle introduced from the United States, whose purpose is to limit the equality in the judgment of patent infringement, so as to avoid the patentee to pro-duce “double benefit” and maintain the stability of the scope of patent protection. However, if the application of this principle is too harsh and the necessary relief measures are lacking, some technical solutions that are not required to be protected in the claims may be forced to donate to the public, but this result is actually contrary to the will of the patentee. It will inevitably infringe the legitimate rights and interests of the patentee and discourage the enthusiasm of the creator. This bad phenomenon must be restrained to achieve the dynamic balance of benefits, so it is necessary to properly limit the application of the donation principle. However, in our country, the donation principle is established as a system of patent law, its length is not long, and the legal basis is limited to the judicial interpretation of general and principled provisions. This paper will combine the reality of China, fully learn from the advanced experience of the United States in applying the donation principle, and put forward more operable suggestions.