已公开个人信息的刑法规制

Criminal Regulation of Disclosed Personal Information

摘要: 我国《民法典》于2021年1月1日起施行，《个人信息保护法》于2021年11月1日起施行，在此背景下，我国个人信息的法律保护体系日趋完善，已公开个人信息作为个人信息中重要的组成部分之一，需要被重点关注，但目前我国刑法中未对这部分作出明确规定，因此有必要对其进行关注。刑法中针对个人信息也有相应的规定，具体罪名主要集中于“侵犯公民个人信息罪”，其保护的法益是以信息自决权为核心的个人信息权。已公开个人信息是完全对外公开的个人信息，根据其类型不同，可以分为自愿公开、强制公开和非法公开三类。对于已公开的个人信息，可以通过场景构建明确“合理处理”的范围，并且基于谨慎义务确定刑事责任的认定。

Abstract: China’s Civil Code will come into effect on January 1, 2021, and the Personal Information Protection Law will come into effect on November 1, 2021. In this context, the legal protection system of personal information in China is becoming increasingly perfect. As one of the important components of personal information, disclosed personal information needs to be paid attention to. However, this part is not clearly stipulated in the criminal law of our country at present, so it is necessary to pay attention to it. The criminal law also has corresponding provisions on personal information, the specific charges are mainly concentrated in the “crime of infringing citizens’ personal information”, and the legal interest protected is the right to personal information with the right to information self-determination as the core. Disclosed personal information is personal information that is fully disclosed to the public and can be classified into voluntary disclosure, compulsory disclosure and illegal disclosure according to different types. For disclosed personal information, the scope of “reasonable handling” can be clearly defined through scenario construction, and the determination of criminal responsibility can be determined based on the duty of care.