论先履行抗辩权

Discussion on Rights to Suspend Prior to Performance

摘要: 先履行抗辩权是我国合同履行抗辩权体系的完善和创新，其以防御性、牵连性和临时性的特征保护双务合同中后履行义务一方的合法权益。先履行抗辩权虽然在一定程度上被认为是同时履行抗辩权和不安抗辩权的扩张内容，但实际上它们在产生条件、性质和行使等方面并不相同，将其载入民法典体系之中，既能体现民法基本原则中的诚实信用原则、公平正义原则以及过错责任原则，又可以促进合同的履行以及市场经济的繁荣发展，体现出法律人文关怀和秩序价值的统一。但是在实际的法律适用中，需要明确其适用的界限，避免对先履行抗辩权的滥用。

Abstract: Rights to suspend prior to performance is an improvement and innovation in China’s system of contract performance defense. It protects the legitimate rights and interests of the party who performs the later obligations in a bilateral contract through its defensive, implicated, and temporary characteristics. Although rights to suspend prior to performance is to some extent considered as an expansion of the right of concurrent performance and the right of counterargument, they are actually different in terms of their conditions, nature, and exercise. Incorporating them into the civil code system not only reflects the basic principles of civil law, such as the principles of honesty, fairness, and justice, but also promotes the completion of contract performance and the prosperity of the market economy, reflecting the unity of legal humanistic care and order value. However, in practical application of law, it is necessary to clarify the applicable boundaries and avoid abuse of the right to perform in advance.