| [1] | Chen, Z., Jaramillo, T.F., Deutsch, T.G., et al. (2010) Accelerating Materials Development for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Produc-tion: Standards for Methods, Definitions, and Reporting Protocols. Journal of Materials Research, 25, 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2010.0020
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [2] | Jacobsson, T.J. (2018) Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: An Idea Heading to-wards Obsolescence? Energy & Environmental Science, 11, 1977-1979. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE00772A
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [3] | Shwetharani, R., Sakar, M., Fernando, C.N., et al. (2019) Recent Advances and Strategies to Tailor the Energy Levels, Active Sites and Electron Mobility in Titania and Its Doped/Composite Analogues for Hydrogen Evolution in Sunlight. Catalysis Science & Technology, 9, 12-46. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CY01395K
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [4] | Vesborg, P.C.K. and Seger, B. (2015) Chorkendorff I Recent Development in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysts and Their Practical Implementation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 6, 951-957. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00306
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [5] | She, Z.W., Kibsgaard, J., Dickens, C.F., et al. (2017) Combining Theory and Experiment in Electrocatalysis: Insights into Materials Design. Science, 355, eaad4998. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad4998
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [6] | Lee, Y., Suntivich, J., May, K.J., et al. (2012) Synthesis and Activities of Rutile IrO2 and RuO2 Nanoparticles for Oxygen Evolution in Acid and Alkaline Solutions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 3, 399-404. https://doi.org/10.1021/jz2016507
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [7] | Du, X., Huang, J., Zhang, J., et al. (2019) Modulating Electronic Structures of Inorganic Nanomaterials for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Splitting. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 58, 4484-4502. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201810104
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [8] | Zhu, C., Fu, S., Shi, Q., et al. (2017) Single-Atom Electrocatalysts. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 56, 13944-13960. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201703864
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [9] | Nong, H.N., Gan, L., Willinger, E., et al. (2014) IrOx Core-Shell Nanocatalysts for Cost- and Energy-Efficient Electrochemical Water Splitting. Chemical Science, 5, 2955-2963. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4SC01065E
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [10] | Wang, J.X., Zhang, Y., Capuano, C.B., et al. (2015) Ultralow Charge-Transfer Resistance with Ultralow Pt Loading for Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation Using Ru@Pt Core-Shell Nanocatalysts. Scientific Reports, 5, Article No. 12220. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12220
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [11] | Chen, Z., Duan, X., Wei, W., et al. (2020) Elec-trocatalysts for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Achievements and Perspectives. Nano Energy, 78, Article ID: 105392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105392
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [12] | Zhu, Y., Lin, Q., Zhong, Y., et al. (2020) Metal Oxide-Based Materials as an Emerging Family of Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts. Energy & Environmental Science, 13, 3361-3392. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EE02485F
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [13] | Guo, X., Chen, C., Zhang, Y., et al. (2019) The Application of Transition Metal Co-baltites in Electrochemistry. Energy Storage Materials, 23, 439-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.04.017
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [14] | Wang, J., Yue, X., Yang, Y., et al. (2020) Earth-Abundant Transition-Metal-Based Bifunctional Catalysts for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting: A Review. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 819, Article ID: 153346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153346
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [15] | Chen, Z., Duan, X., Wei, W., et al. (2019) Recent Advances in Transition Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 7, 14971-15005. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA03220G
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [16] | Yuan, N., Jiang, Q., Li, J., et al. (2020) A Review on Non-Noble Metal Based Elec-trocatalysis for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13, 4294-4309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.08.006
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [17] | Zeng, K. and Zhang, D. (2010) Recent Progress in Alkaline Water Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production and Applications. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 36, 307-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2009.11.002
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [18] | Sabatier, P. (1911) Hydrogénations et déshydrogénations par catalyse. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 44, 1984-2001. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.19110440303
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [19] | Morales-Guio, C.G., Stern, L.-A. and Hu, X. (2014) Nanostructured Hydrotreating Catalysts for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution. Chemical Society Reviews, 43, 6555-6569. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CS60468C
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [20] | Trasatti, S. (1972) Work Function, Electronegativity, and Electrochemical Behaviour of Metals: III. Electrolytic Hydrogen Evolution in Acid Solutions. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 39, 163-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(72)80485-6
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [21] | Jaramillo, T.F., Jørgensen, K.P., Bonde, J., et al. (2007) Identification of Active Edge Sites for Electrochemical H2 Evolution from MoS2 Nanocatalysts. Science, 317, 100-102. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1141483
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [22] | Lazar, P. and Otyepka, M. (2017) Role of the Edge Properties in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on MoS2. Chemistry—A European Journal, 23, 4863-4869. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201605848
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [23] | Xiao, P., Chen, W. and Wang, X. (2015) A Review of Phosphide-Based Materials for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Advanced Energy Materials, 5, Article ID: 1500985. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201500985
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [24] | Liu, P., Rodriguez, J.A., Asakura, T., et al. (2005) Desulfurization Reactions on Ni2P(001) and α-Mo2C(001) Surfaces:  Complex Role of P and C Sites. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 109, 4575-4583. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp044301x
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [25] | Zhao, S., Wang, Y., Dong, J., et al. (2016) Ultrathin Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution. Nature Energy, 1, Article No. 16184. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2016.184
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [26] | Liang, Y., Li, Y., Wang, H., et al. (2011) Co3O4 Nanocrystals on Graphene as a Synergistic Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Nature Materials, 10, 780-786. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3087
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [27] | Cheng, F., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., et al. (2013) Enhancing Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduc-tion on MnO2 with Vacancies. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 52, 2474-2477. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201208582
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [28] | Suen, N.-T., Hung, S.-F., Quan, Q., et al. (2017) Electrocatalysis for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Recent Development and Future Perspectives. Chemical Society Reviews, 46, 337-365. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CS00328A
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [29] | Dang, S., Zhu, Q.-L. and Xu, Q. (2017) Nanomaterials Derived from Metal-Organic Frameworks. Nature Reviews Materials, 3, Article No. 17075. https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2017.75
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [30] | Kötz, R., Neff, H. and Stucki, S. (1984) Anodic Iridium Oxide Films: XPS‐Studies of Oxidation State Changes and O2-Evolution. Journal of the Elec-trochemical Society, 131, 72. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2115548
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [31] | Cai, Z., Bu, X., Wang, P., et al. (2019) Recent Advances in Layered Double Hydroxide Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 7, 5069-5089. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA11273H
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [32] | Dau, H., Limberg, C., Reier, T., et al. (2010) The Mechanism of Water Oxidation: From Electrolysis via Homogeneous to Biological Catalysis. ChemCatChem, 2, 724-761. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201000126
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [33] | Fabbri, E., Habereder, A., Waltar, K., et al. (2014) Developments and Perspectives of Oxide-Based Catalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Catalysis Science & Technology, 4, 3800-3821. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CY00669K
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [34] | Nsanzimana, J.M.V., Reddu, V., Peng, Y., et al. (2018) Ultrathin Amorphous Iron-Nickel Boride Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Production. Chemistry—A European Journal, 24, 18502-18511. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201802092
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [35] | Liang, Y., Sun, X., Asiri, A.M., et al. (2016) Amorphous Ni-B Alloy Nanoparticle Film on Ni Foam: Rapid Alternately Dipping Deposition for Efficient Overall Water Splitting. Nanotechnology, 27, 12LT01. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/12/12LT01
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [36] | Lewinski, K.A., Van Der Vliet, D. and Luopa, S.M. (2015) NSTF Ad-vances for PEM Electrolysis—The Effect of Alloying on Activity of NSTF Electrolyzer Catalysts and Performance of NSTF Based PEM Electrolyzers. ECS Transactions, 69, 893. https://doi.org/10.1149/06917.0893ecst
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [37] | Zhu, Y.-X., Jiang, M.-Y., Liu, M., et al. (2020) An Fe-V@NiO Heterostructure Electrocatalyst towards the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Nanoscale, 12, 3803-3811. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR08749D
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [38] | Su, D., Zhang, X., Wu, A., et al. (2019) CoO-Mo2N Hollow Heterostructure for High-Efficiency Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. NPG Asia Materials, 11, Article No. 78. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-019-0177-z
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [39] | Niu, Z., Qiu, C., Jiang, J., et al. (2019) Hierarchical CoP-FeP Branched Hetero-structures for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Splitting. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 7, 2335-2342. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05089
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [40] | Shit, S., Chhetri, S., Jang, W., et al. (2018) Cobalt Sulfide/Nickel Sulfide Heterostructure Directly Grown on Nickel Foam: An Efficient and Durable Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting Application. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10, 27712-27722. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b04223
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [41] | Shit, S., Chhetri, S., Bolar, S., et al. (2019) Hierarchical Cobalt Sulfide/Molybdenum Sulfide Heterostructure as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst towards Overall Water Split-ting. ChemElectroChem, 6, 430-438. https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201801343
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [42] | Ahmed, M.S., Choi, B. and Kim, Y.-B. (2018) Development of Highly Active Bi-functional Electrocatalyst Using Co3O4 on Carbon Nanotubes for Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution. Scientific Reports, 8, Arti-cle No. 2543. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20974-1
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [43] | Liu, H., Xu, C.-Y., Du, Y., et al. (2019) Ultrathin Co9S8 Nanosheets Vertically Aligned on N,S/rGO for Low Voltage Electrolytic Water in Alkaline Media. Scientific Reports, 9, Article No. 1951. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35831-4
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [44] | Jiao, L., Zhou, Y.-X. and Jiang, H.-L. (2016) Metal-Organic Frame-work-Based CoP/Reduced Graphene Oxide: High-Performance Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting. Chemical Sci-ence, 7, 1690-1695. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SC04425A
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [45] | Ahn, S.H., Choi, I., Park, H.-Y., et al. (2013) Effect of Morphology of Electrodepos-ited Ni Catalysts on the Behavior of Bubbles Generated during the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Water Electrolysis. Chemical Communications, 49, 9323-9325. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc44891f
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [46] | Lu, M., Cui, X., Song, B., et al. (2020) Studying the Effect of CuCo2S4 Morphology on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Using a Flexible Carbon Cloth Substrate. ChemElectroChem, 7, 1080-1083. https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201902128
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [47] | Maiyalagan, T., Chemelewski, K.R. and Manthiram, A. (2014) Role of the Morphology and Surface Planes on the Catalytic Activity of Spinel LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 for Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catalysis, 4, 421-425. https://doi.org/10.1021/cs400981d
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [48] | Fang, L., Jiang, Z., Xu, H., et al. (2018) Crystal-Plane Engineering of NiCo2O4 Electro-catalysts towards Efficient Overall Water Splitting. Journal of Catalysis, 357, 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2017.11.017
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [49] | Mohamed, M.M., Salama, T.M., Hegazy, M.A., et al. (2019) Synthesis of Hex-agonal WO3 Nanocrystals with Various Morphologies and Their Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activities toward Hydrogen Evolution. In-ternational Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44, 4724-4736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.218
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [50] | Silva, V.D., Simões, T.A., Grilo, J.P.F., et al. (2020) Impact of the NiO Nanostructure Morphology on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysis. Journal of Materials Science, 55, 6648-6659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04481-1
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [51] | Daub, C.D., Wang, J., Kudesia, S., et al. (2010) The Influence of Molecu-lar-Scale Roughness on the Surface Spreading of an Aqueous Nanodrop. Faraday Discussions, 146, 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1039/b927061m
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [52] | Zhu, M., Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., et al. (2018) Hydrophilic Cobalt Sulfide Nanosheets as a Bifunctional Catalyst for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution in Electrolysis of Alkaline Aqueous Solution. Journal of Colloid and Inter-face Science, 509, 522-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2017.09.076
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [53] | Yu, F., Gao, Y., Lang, Z., et al. (2018) Electrocatalytic Performance of Ultrasmall Mo2C Affected by Different Transition Metal Dopants in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Nanoscale, 10, 6080-6087. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NR00908B
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [54] | Yang, W., Zeng, J., Hua, Y., et al. (2019) Defect Engineering of Cobalt Microspheres by S Doping and Electrochemical Oxidation as Efficient Bifunctional and Durable Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting at High Current Densities. Journal of Power Sources, 436, Article ID: 226887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.226887
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [55] | Ren, X., Yang, F., Chen, R., et al. (2020) Improvement of HER Activity for MoS2: Insight into the Effect and Mechanism of Phosphorus Post-Doping. New Journal of Chemistry, 44, 1493-1499. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NJ05229A
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [56] | He, W., Han, L., Hao, Q., et al. (2019) Fluorine-Anion-Modulated Electron Structure of Nickel Sulfide Nanosheet Arrays for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution. ACS Energy Letters, 4, 2905-2912. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02316
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [57] | Qiu, Z., Ma, Y. and Edvinsson, T. (2019) In Operando Raman Investigation of Fe Doping Influence on Catalytic NiO Intermediates for Enhanced Overall Water Splitting. Nano Energy, 66, Article ID: 104118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104118
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [58] | Qi, J., Wang, H., Lin, J., et al. (2019) Mn and S Dual-Doping of MOF-Derived Co3O4 Electrode Array Increases the Efficiency of Electrocatalytic Generation of Oxygen. Journal of Colloid and Inter-face Science, 557, 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.009
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [59] | Zhang, Y.-Y., Zhang, X., Wu, Z.-Y., et al. (2019) Fe/P Dual Doping Boosts the Activity and Durability of CoS2 Polycrystalline Nanowires for Hydrogen Evolution. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 7, 5195-5200. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA12269E
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [60] | Xu, B., Yang, X., Fang, Q., et al. (2020) Anion-Cation Dual Doping: An Effective Electronic Modulation Strategy of Ni2P for High-Performance Oxygen Evolution. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 48, 116-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2019.12.027
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [61] | Chen, J., Chen, J., Cui, H., et al. (2019) Electronic Structure and Crystalline Phase Dual Modulation via Anion-Cation Co-Doping for Boosting Oxygen Evolution with Long-Term Stability under Large Current Density. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 11, 34819-34826. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b08060
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [62] | Dong, Y., Yang, J., Liu, Y., et al. (2020) 2D Fe-Doped NiO Nanosheets with Grain Boundary Defects for the Advanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Dalton Transactions, 49, 6355-6362. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9DT04633J
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [63] | Sun, C., Wang, P., Wang, H., et al. (2019) De-fect Engineering of Molybdenum Disulfide through Ion Irradiation to Boost Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Performance. Nano Re-search, 12, 1613-1618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2400-1
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [64] | Kang, S., Koo, J.-J., Seo, H., et al. (2019) Defect-Engineered MoS2 with Ex-tended Photoluminescence Lifetime for High-Performance Hydrogen Evolution. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 7, 10173-10178. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TC02256B
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [65] | Wang, Y., Qiao, M., Li, Y., et al. (2018) Tuning Surface Electronic Configuration of NiFe LDHs Nanosheets by Introducing Cation Vacancies (Fe or Ni) as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reac-tion. Small, 14, Article ID: 1800136. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201800136
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [66] | Zhao, Y., Chang, C., Teng, F., et al. (2017) Defect-Engineered Ultrathin δ-MnO2 Nanosheet Arrays as Bifunctional Electrodes for Efficient Overall Water Splitting. Advanced En-ergy Materials, 7, Article ID: 1700005. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201700005
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [67] | Su, Y., Liu, H., Li, C., et al. (2019) Hydrothermal-Assisted Defect Engineering in Spinel Co3O4 Nanostructures as Bifunctional Catalysts for Oxygen Electrode. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 799, 160-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.05.331
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [68] | Henckel, D.A., Lenz, O.M., Krishnan, K.M., et al. (2018) Improved HER Catalysis through Facile, Aqueous Electrochemical Activation of Nanoscale WSe2. Nano Letters, 18, 2329-2335. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05213
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [69] | Mcglynn, J.C., Dankwort, T., Kienle, L., et al. (2019) The Rapid Electrochemi-cal Activation of MoTe2 for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Nature Communications, 10, Article No. 4916. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12831-0
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [70] | Tao, L., Huang, M., Guo, S., et al. (2019) Surface Modification of NiCo2Te4 Nanoclusters: A Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Overall Water-Splitting in Neutral Solution. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 254, 424-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.05.010
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [71] | Sun, X., Sun, S., Gu, S., et al. (2019) High-Performance Single Atom Bifunc-tional Oxygen Catalysts Derived from ZIF-67 Superstructures. Nano Energy, 61, 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.04.076
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [72] | Xu, Y., Zhang, W., Li, Y., et al. (2019) The Synergetic Effect of Ni and Fe Bi-Metal Single Atom Catalysts on Graphene for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Frontiers in Materials, 6, Article No. 271. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2019.00271
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [73] | Ai, X., Zou, X., Chen, H., et al. (2020) Transition-Metal-Boron Intermetallics with Strong Interatomic d-sp Orbital Hybridization for High-Performance Electrocatalysis. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 59, 3961-3965. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201915663
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [74] | Chen, L., Zhang, L.-R., Yao, L.-Y., et al. (2019) Metal Boride Better Than Pt: HCP Pd2B as a Superactive Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalyst. Energy & Environmental Science, 12, 3099-3105. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EE01564G
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [75] | Zeng, M., Wang, H., Zhao, C., et al. (2016) Nanostructured Amorphous Nickel Bo-ride for High-Efficiency Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution over a Broad pH Range. ChemCatChem, 8, 708-712. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201501221
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [76] | Xu, H., Fei, B., Cai, G., et al. (2020) Boronization-Induced Ultrathin 2D Nanosheets with Abundant Crystalline-Amorphous Phase Boundary Supported on Nickel Foam toward Efficient Water Splitting. Advanced Energy Materials, 10, Article ID: 1902714. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201902714
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [77] | Guo, F., Wu, Y., Chen, H., et al. (2019) High-Performance Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis by Boronized Metal Sheets with Self-Functionalized Surfaces. Energy & Envi-ronmental Science, 12, 684-692. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE03405B
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [78] | Joo, J., Kim, T., Lee, J., et al. (2019) Morphology-Controlled Metal Sulfides and Phosphides for Electrochemical Water Splitting. Advanced Materials, 31, Article ID: 1806682. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201806682
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [79] | Shin, D., Kim, H.J., Kim, M., et al. (2020) FexNi2-xP Alloy Nanocatalysts with Electron-Deficient Phosphorus Enhancing the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media. ACS Catalysis, 10, 11665-11673. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c02301
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [80] | Shi, Y. and Zhang, B. (2016) Recent Advances in Transition Metal Phosphide Na-nomaterials: Synthesis and Applications in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Chemical Society Reviews, 45, 1529-1541. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CS00434A
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [81] | Yan, Y., Xia, B., Xu, Z., et al. (2014) Recent Development of Molybdenum Sulfides as Advanced Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catalysis, 4, 1693-1705. https://doi.org/10.1021/cs500070x
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [82] | Guo, Y., Park, T., Yi, J.W., et al. (2019) Nanoarchitectonics for Transi-tion-Metal-Sulfide-Based Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting. Advanced Materials, 31, Article ID: 1807134. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201807134
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [83] | Ramanarayanan, T. and Chun, C.M. (2008) Developments in High-Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials. Elsevier, Cambridge, 599-638. | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [84] | Kou, Z., Yu, Y., Liu, X., et al. (2020) Potential-Dependent Phase Transition and Mo-Enriched Surface Reconstruction of γ-CoOOH in a Heterostructured Co-Mo2C Precatalyst Enable Water Ox-idation. ACS Catalysis, 10, 4411-4419. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c00340
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [85] | Ma, T.Y., Dai, S., Jaroniec, M., et al. (2014) Metal-Organic Framework Derived Hybrid Co3O4-Carbon Porous Nanowire Arrays as Reversible Oxygen Evolution Electrodes. Journal of the American Chemical Socie-ty, 136, 13925-13931. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja5082553
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [86] | Chaikittisilp, W., Torad, N.L., Li, C., et al. (2014) Synthesis of Nanoporous Car-bon-Cobalt-Oxide Hybrid Electrocatalysts by Thermal Conversion of Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chemistry—A European Journal, 20, 4217-4221. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201304404
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [87] | Chaikittisilp, W., Ariga, K. and Yamauchi, Y. (2013) A New Family of Carbon Materials: Synthesis of MOF-Derived Nanoporous Carbons and Their Promising Applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1, 14-19. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2TA00278G
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [88] | Xiao, Q., Zhang, Y., Guo, X., et al. (2014) A High-Performance Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reactions Based on Electrochemical Post-Treatment of Ultrathin Carbon Layer Coated Cobalt Nanoparticles. Chem-ical Communications, 50, 13019-13022. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC05953K
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [89] | Gorlin, Y. and Jaramillo, T.F. (2010) A Bi-functional Nonprecious Metal Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Water Oxidation. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132, 13612-13614. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja104587v
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [90] | Suntivich, J., May, K.J., Gasteiger, H.A., et al. (2011) A Perovskite Oxide Optimized for Oxygen Evolution Catalysis from Molecular Orbital Principles. Science, 334, 1383-1385. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1212858
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [91] | Zhang, B., Zheng, X., Voznyy, O., et al. (2016) Homogeneously Dispersed Multi-metal Oxygen-Evolving Catalysts. Science, 352, 333-337. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf1525
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [92] | Li, Y.H., Liu, P.F., Pan, L.F., et al. (2015) Local Atomic Structure Modulations Activate Metal Oxide as Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution in Acidic Wa-ter. Nature Communications, 6, Article No. 8064. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9064
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [93] | Ling, T., Yan, D.-Y., Wang, H., et al. (2017) Activating Cobalt(II) Oxide Nanorods for Efficient Electrocatalysis by Strain Engineering. Nature Communications, 8, Article No. 1509. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01872-y
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [94] | Li, Y., Yu, Z.G., Wang, L., et al. (2019) Electronic-Reconstruction-Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis in Oxide Polymorphs. Nature Communications, 10, Article No. 3149. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11124-w
 | 
                     
                                
                                    
                                        | [95] | Ling, T., Zhang, T., Ge, B., et al. (2019) Well-Dispersed Nickel- and Zinc-Tailored Electronic Structure of a Transition Metal Oxide for Highly Active Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Advanced Materials, 31, Article No. 1807771. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201807771
 |