分包合同背靠背条款效力研究

Research on the Validity of Back-to-Back Clauses of Subcontracts

摘要: 总包方为将部分或全部风险责任转移给分包方，而约定“业主向总包支付工程款”是支付工程款的前置条件，该条款被称为“背靠背条款”。该条款在实务中因风险转移给分包方，造成分包方的无过失损害，导致其在实务中引起较多纠纷。目前，对于“背靠背条款”属于附条件条款还是附期限条款尚存争议，且在该条款内，业主、总包方、分包方三方利益应如何均衡尚需讨论，因此，本文通过梳理“背靠背条款”的起源、国内立法现状及实务案例，将理论与实务相结合，呈现出“背靠背条款”现有的争议，并探讨“背靠背条款”的性质以及效力。

Abstract: In order to transfer part or all of the risk responsibility to the subcontractor, the general contractor agrees that “the owner pays the project payment to the general contractor” is the precondition for paying the project payment, which is called “back-to-back clause”. In practice, the clause is transferred to the subcontractor due to risk, resulting in no-fault damage to the subcontractor, resulting in more disputes in practice. At present, there is still a dispute over whether the “back- to-back clause” is a conditional clause or a term clause, and in this clause, how to balance the interests of the owner, the general contractor and the subcontractor needs to be discussed. Therefore, this paper combs the origin of the “back-to-back clause”, the current situation of domestic legislation and practical cases, combines theory with practice, presents the existing disputes of the “back-to-back clause”, and discusses the nature and effectiveness of the “back-to-back clause”.