河北省空气质量的城市差异与空间效应研究

Urban Differences and Spatial Effects of Air Quality in Hebei Province

摘要: 本文基于河北省2018年~2020年的空气质量数据(AQI、PM2.5、PM10、CO、SO₂、NO₂、O₃)展开研究。通过对河北省各市AQI及其影响指标的月度、季度、年度的分析及空间可视化来研究河北省空气质量的城市差异。所得结论为：(1) 2018年~2020年河北省各市AQI空间分布整体呈南高北低的特点；(2) 在季节尺度上，河北省11市均是冬季AQI指数最高，其次为夏季，春季、秋季往往AQI指数较低，空气质量较好；(3) 河北省2020年空气质量总体好于2019年，其中2020年河北省各市PM10、PM2.5指数完全低于2019年，空气质量主要与这两项指标相关性较高。可见空气质量除了受到地形条件、风速与空气相对湿度等自然条件的影响，人类活动更是影响空气质量的一大主要影响因素。在“双碳”背景下，环境保护更需要从多方入手，空气质量提高有助于提升居民生活质量。

Abstract: This paper is based on the air quality data (AQI, PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO₂, NO₂, O₃) of Hebei Prov-ince from 2018 to 2020. Through monthly, quarterly and annual analysis and spatial visualization of AQIs and their impact indicators in Hebei Province, the urban differences in air quality in Hebei Province were studied. The conclusions are as follows: (1) From 2018 to 2020, the spatial distribution of AQI in Hebei Province was generally high in the south and low in the north; (2) In the seasonal scale, the 11 cities in Hebei Province had the highest AQI index in winter, followed by summer, and the AQI index was often lower in spring and autumn, namely the air quality in spring and autumn was better than winter and summer; (3) The air quality in Hebei Province in 2020 was generally better than in 2019, of which the PM10 and PM2.5 indices of all cities in Hebei Province in 2020 were completely lower than those in 2019, and the air quality was mainly related to these two indicators. It can be seen that in addition to the influence of natural condi-tions such as terrain conditions, wind speed and relative humidity of the air, human activities are a major influencing factor affecting air quality. In the context of “dual carbon”, environmental protection needs to start from many aspects, and improving air quality helps to improve the quality of life of residents.