直接甲酸燃料电池Pt基催化剂抗CO毒化的研究进展
Research Progress on Anti-CO Poisoning of Pt-Based Catalysts for Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells
摘要: 直接甲酸燃料电池(DFAFCs)由于其具有较高的功率密度、能量效率和环境友好等优点被认为是目前最有前途的能量转换装置之一。作为膜电极的关键组分，铂(Pt)基纳米材料因其具有较好的催化活性受到广泛的关注。然而，局限于Pt的成本高昂、易被中间产物毒化等关键问题，研究新型高活性、高抗毒化能力的Pt基催化剂是当前DFAFCs商业化发展需要研究的热点问题之一。首先，本文阐述甲酸氧化产生中间产物CO以及Pt被CO毒化的机理；其次，我们整理近年来研究者们对Pt基催化剂CO耐受性的研究进展，其主要内容包括单原子、合金和异质结构等催化剂的设计合成及其对催化活性以及抗毒性的影响；最后，我们对直接甲酸燃料Pt基催化剂未来的发展方向提出了展望。
Abstract: Direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) are considered to be one of the most promising energy conversion devices due to their high power density, high energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness. As a key component of membrane electrodes, platinum (Pt)-based nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to their good catalytic activity. However, limited by the high cost of Pt and its susceptibility to poisoning by intermediate products, many efforts have focused on the study of Pt-based catalysts with high activity and high anti-poisoning ability, which need to be studied in the commercial development of DFAFCs. First of all, this paper expounds the formation mechanism of CO intermediate and its poisoning for Pt; secondly, we summarize the research progress of the CO tolerance of Pt-based catalysts in recent years. The main contents include single atom, Pt-based alloys and heterogeneous structure, the design and synthesis of Pt-based catalysts such as structure and their effects on catalytic activity and anti-toxicity; finally, we put forward an outlook on the future development direction of Pt-based catalysts in DFAFCs.
文章引用：郑杰, 李晗, 崔鼎, 姚婧妍, 章钰, 袁小磊. 直接甲酸燃料电池Pt基催化剂抗CO毒化的研究进展[J]. 物理化学进展, 2023, 12(4): 269-283. https://doi.org/10.12677/JAPC.2023.124028

参考文献

[1] Xiao, F., Wang, Y.C., Wu, Z.P., et al. (2021) Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells. Advanced Materials, 33, e2006292. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Chen, M.X., Liu, Y., Song, T.W., et al. (2022) Intermetallic PdCd Core Promoting CO Tolerance of Pd Shell for Electrocatalytic Formic Acid Oxidation. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 40, 2161-2168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[3] Yu, X. and Pickup, P.G. (2008) Recent Advances in Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells (DFAFC). Journal of Power Sources, 182, 124-132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[4] Zhou, Z.Y., Ren, J., Kang, X., et al. (2012) Butylphenyl-Functionalized Pt Nanoparticles as CO-Resistant Electrocatalysts for Formic Acid Oxidation. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 14, 1412-1417. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[5] Scott, K. (2004) W. Vielstich, A. Lamm, H.A. Gasteiger (Eds.) Handbook of Fuel Cells, vol. 1-4, John Wiley, Chichester (2003). Electrochimica Acta, 49, 4800-4811. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[6] Matsuda, Y., Shimizu, T. and Mitsushima, S. (2016) Adsorption Behavior of Low Concentration Carbon Monoxide on Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Anodes for Automotive Applications. Journal of Power Sources, 318, 1-8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[7] Chen, C.Y., Chen, C.C., Hsu, S.W., et al. (2012) Behavior of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell in Reformate Gas. Energy Procedia, 29, 64-71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[8] Jiménez, S., Soler, J., Valenzuela, R.X. and Daza, L. (2005) Assessment of the Performance of a PEMFC in the Presence of CO. Journal of Power Sources, 151, 69-73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[9] Russell, A.E. (2008) Electrocatalysis: Theory and Experiment at the Interface. Preface. Faraday Discussions, 140, 9-10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[10] Kristian, N., Yan, Y. and Wang, X. (2008) Highly Efficient Submonolayer Pt-Decorated Au Nano-Catalysts for Formic Acid Oxidation. Chemical Communications, No. 3, 353-355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[11] Chen, Y., Lin, J., Li, L., et al. (2018) Identifying Size Effects of Pt as Single Atoms and Nanoparticles Supported on FeOx for the Water-Gas Shift Reaction. ACS Catalysis, 8, 859-868. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[12] Rice, C. (2003) Catalysts for Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells. Journal of Power Sources, 115, 229-235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[13] Liu, M., Liu, Z., Xie, M., et al. (2021) Ligand-Mediated Self-Terminating Growth of Single-Atom Pt on Au Nanocrystals for Improved Formic Acid Oxidation Activity. Advanced Energy Materials, 12, Article ID: 2103195. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[14] Liu, J. (2016) Catalysis by Supported Single Metal Atoms. ACS Catalysis, 7, 34-59. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[15] Kim, Y.S., Jeon, S.H., Bostwick, A., et al. (2013) Role of Preferential Weak Hybridization between the Surface-State of a Metal and the Oxygen Atom in the Chemical Adsorption Mechanism. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 15, 19019-19023. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Jiang, X., Fu, G., Wu, X., et al. (2017) Ultrathin AgPt alloy Nanowires as a High-Performance Electrocatalyst for Formic Acid Oxidation. Nano Research, 11, 499-510. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] Xue, Q., Bai, X.Y., Zhao, Y., et al. (2022) Au Core-PtAu Alloy Shell Nanowires for Formic Acid Electrolysis. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 65, 94-102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[18] Pei, A., Ruan, L., Liu, B.Q., Chen, W.Q., et al. (2020) Ultra-Low Au Decorated PtNi Alloy Nanoparticles on Carbon for High-Efficiency Electro-Oxidation of Methanol and Formic Acid. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45, 22893-22905. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[19] Li, Y., Wang, Y., Li, S., et al. (2021) Pt3Mn Alloy Nanostructure with High-Index Facets by Sn Doping Modified for Highly Catalytic Active Electro-Oxidation Reactions. Journal of Catalysis, 395, 282-292. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[20] Lashkenari, M.S., Ghorbani, M., Safabakhsh, M., et al. (2020) Fabrication of Polyaniline/SBA-15-Supported Platinum/Cobalt Nanocomposites as Promising Electrocatalyst for Formic Acid Oxidation. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 50, 523-534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[21] Gong, M., Li, F., Yao, Z., et al. (2015) Highly Active and Durable Platinum-Lead Bimetallic Alloy Nanoflowers for Formic Acid Electrooxidation. Nanoscale, 7, 4894-4899. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[22] Stevanović, S., Tripković, D., Tripković, V., et al. (2013) Insight into the Effect of Sn on CO and Formic Acid Oxidation at PtSn Catalysts. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 118, 278-289. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[23] Kim, Y.S., Jeon, S.H., Bostwick, A., et al. (2013) Role of Transition Metal in Fast Oxidation Reaction on the Pt3TM (111) (TM = Ni, Co) Surfaces. Advanced Energy Materials, 3, 1257-1261. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[24] Jung, J., Kang, S., Nicolaï, L., et al. (2021) Understanding the Role of Electronic Effects in CO on the Pt-Sn Alloy Surface via Band Structure Measurements. ACS Catalysis, 12, 219-225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[25] Sun, S., Zhang, G., Geng, D., et al. (2010) Direct Growth of Single-Crystal Pt Nanowires on Sn@CNT Nanocable: 3D Electrodes for Highly Active Electrocatalysts. Chemistry, 16, 829-835. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Qiu, X., Zhang, H., Wu, P., et al. (2017) One-Pot Synthesis of Freestanding Porous Palladium Nanosheets as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Formic Acid Oxidation. Advanced Functional Materials, 27, Article ID: 1603852. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[27] Waenkaew, P., Saipanya, S., Maturost, S., et al. (2022) Enhanced Catalytic Efficiency of Bimetallic Pt-Pd on PAMPs- Modified Graphene Oxide for Formic Acid Oxidation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 47, 16189-16200. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[28] Yang, H., Kang, S., Zou, H., et al. (2016) Polydopamine-Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Supported Palladium-Lead Bimetallic Alloy Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient and Robust Catalysts for Ethanol Oxidation. RSC Advances, 6, 90462-90469. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[29] Xie, Y. and Dimitrov, N. (2020) Ultralow Pt Loading Nanoporous Au-Cu-Pt Thin Film as Highly Active and Durable Catalyst for Formic Acid Oxidation. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 263, Article ID: 118366. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[30] Yang, S. and Lee, H. (2013) Atomically Dispersed Platinum on Gold Nano-Octahedra with High Catalytic Activity on Formic Acid Oxidation. ACS Catalysis, 3, 437-443. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[31] Vega, A.A. and Newman, R.C. (2013) Nanoporous Metals Fabricated through Electrochemical Dealloying of Ag-Au- Pt with Systematic Variation of Au:Pt Ratio. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 161, C1-C10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[32] Liu, Z., Hong, L., Tham, M.P., Lim, T.H. and Jiang, H.X. (2006) Nanostructured Pt/C and Pd/C Catalysts for Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells. Journal of Power Sources, 161, 831-835. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[33] Jayashree, R.S., Spendelow, J.S., Yeom, J., et al. (2005) Characterization and Application of Electrodeposited Pt, Pt/Pd, and Pd Catalyst Structures for Direct Formic Acid Micro Fuel Cells. Electrochimica Acta, 50, 4674-4682. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[34] Kong, F., Du, C., Ye, J., et al. (2017) Selective Surface Engineering of Heterogeneous Nanostructures: In situ Unraveling of the Catalytic Mechanism on Pt-Au Catalyst. ACS Catalysis, 7, 7923-7929. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[35] Arenz, M., Stamenkovic, V., Schmidt, T.J., et al. (2003) The Electro-Oxidation of Formic Acid on Pt-Pd Single Crystal Bimetallic Surfaces. Chemistry Chemical Physics, 5, 4242-4251. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[36] Sun, Y., Chen, W., Zhang, W., et al. (2023) Trimetallic Porous PtIrBi Nanoplates with Robust CO Tolerance for Enhanced Formic Acid Oxidation Catalysis. Advanced Functional Materials, 33, Article ID: 2303299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[37] Bhalothia, D., Huang, T.H., Chou, P.H., et al. (2020) CO-Reductive and O2-Oxidative Annealing Assisted Surface Restructure and Corresponding Formic Acid Oxidation Performance of PdPt and PdRuPt Nanocatalysts. Scientific Reports, 10, Article No. 8457. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Qin, C., Fan, A., Zhang, X., et al. (2019) The in situ Etching Assisted Synthesis of Pt-Fe-Mn Ternary Alloys with High-Index Facets as Efficient Catalysts for Electro-Oxidation Reactions. Nanoscale, 11, 9061-9075. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[39] Liu, Q., Chen, J., Yang, P., et al. (2021) Directly Application of Bimetallic 2D-MOF for Advanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46, 416-424. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[40] Hong, J.W., Kim, Y., Wi, D.H., et al. (2016) Ultrathin Free-Standing Ternary-Alloy Nanosheets. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 55, 2753-2758. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[41] Huang, X., Li, S., Huang, Y., et al. (2011) Synthesis of Hexagonal Close-Packed Gold Nanostructures. Nature Communications, 2, Article No. 292. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[42] Hu, X., Xiao, Z., Wang, W., et al. (2023) Platinum-Lead-Bismuth/Platinum-Bismuth Core/Shell Nanoplate Achieves Complete Dehydrogenation Pathway for Direct Formic Acid Oxidation Catalysis. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 145, 15109-15117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[43] Al-Qodami, B.A., Alalawy, H.H., Sayed, S.Y., et al. (2022) Tailor-Designed Nanowire-Structured Iron and Nickel Oxides on Platinum Catalyst for Formic Acid Electro-Oxidation. RSC Advances, 12, 20395-20402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]