类型化视角下网络游戏直播画面的著作权归属问题

Copyright Attribution of Online Game Live Screens under the Perspective of Typecasting

摘要: 网络游戏直播蓬勃发展，游戏直播画面的著作权归属仍有争议。对其著作权归属的界定应先对游戏预设画面和游戏运行画面进行研究，并采取类型化分析方法进行分析。对游戏预设画面和游戏运行画面的作品属性和著作权归属进行界定，在游戏运行画面不构成作品的前提下，将游戏直播画面分为三种类型并分别分析可作品性与著作权归属。对游戏运行画面的原样呈现和添加简单元素的游戏直播画面不构成作品。具有独创性的个人游戏直播画面构成演绎作品，“平台服务模式”下著作权归属于主播，主播与平台签约则根据合作协议确定著作权归属，无约定或约定不明则著作权归属于游戏直播平台。有组织的电子竞技比赛和专业团队进行直播从而形成的直播画面构成演绎作品，根据合作协议的约定确定著作权归属，无约定或约定不明则著作权归属于主播。

Abstract: The live streaming of online games is thriving, but there is still controversy over the copyright ownership of game streaming visuals. The determination of copyright ownership should begin with the study of the pre-designed game visuals and the visuals during gameplay, followed by a typological analysis. By defining the attributes and copyright ownership of the pre-designed game visuals and the visuals during gameplay, and considering that the visuals during gameplay do not constitute separate works, the game streaming visuals can be classified into three types and analyzed separately for their potential as works and copyright ownership. Game streaming visuals that present the gameplay in its original form or with simple element additions do not constitute separate works. Personal game streaming visuals with originality and creativity constitute derivative works. Under the “platform service model”, the copyright ownership belongs to the streamer. If the streamer has a contract with the platform, the copyright ownership is determined by the cooperation agreement. In the absence of an agreement or when the agreement is unclear, the copyright ownership belongs to the game streaming platform. Live streaming visuals resulting from organized electronic sports competitions and professional teams constitute derivative works. The copyright ownership is determined by the terms of the cooperation agreement. In the absence of an agreement or when the agreement is unclear, the copyright ownership belongs to the streamer.