自动化行政中的风险及法律应对

Risk and Legal Response in Automated Administration

摘要: 自动化对行政的改革已然是大势所趋，自动化行政在准确性、高效性、便利性方面都带来了前所未有的优势。但是算法毕竟是物，存在着出错的可能性，同时由于算法“黑箱”、决策经验限制等原因，不可避免地会对相对人的权利造成侵害，尤其体现在个人隐私的侵扰、决策失衡等方面。而对相对人的权利救济又面临着成本挑战、技术限制等问题，因此，建立完善监管机制、申诉与审核机制，保障相对人复议与诉讼的权利，进一步扩大公共参与，是对自动化行政中相对人的权利进行救济和保障的关键所在。

Abstract: Automation has been the general trend of administrative reform, and automated administration has brought unprecedented advantages in accuracy, efficiency and convenience. However, algorithms are things after all, and there is the possibility of error. At the same time, due to the “black box” of algorithms, the limitation of decision-making experience and other reasons, it will inevitably infringe on the rights of the relative person, especially in the intrusion of personal privacy and decision-making imbalance. However, the remedy of the relative person’s rights is faced with cost challenges, technical limitations and other problems. Therefore, the key to the remedy and guarantee of the relative person’s rights in automated administration is to establish and improve the supervision mechanism, appeal and review mechanism, guarantee the relative person’s rights of reconsideration and litigation, and further expand public participation.