贵金属纳米颗粒/MOFs复合材料的电催化应用与挑战

Electrocatalytic Applications and Challenges of Noble Metal Nanoparticles/MOFs Composites

摘要: 金属有机框架(MOFs)作为一种新颖的多孔纳米晶体材料，具有高比表面积、结构多样性和组分可调性的特点，这使得MOFs材料在电催化领域引起广大学者的研究兴趣。通过在框架内负载金属纳米材料，可以进一步拓展MOFs的潜在应用。MOFs材料一方面能够有效地调控金属纳米颗粒的结构与形貌，另一方面提供限域环境或者界面结构，进而能够抑制金属纳米颗粒在催化反应中的溶解、被毒化等不良影响。得益于此，金属纳米颗粒/MOFs复合材料有望突破当前电化学催化材料稳定性差、成本高、催化活性低的瓶颈，为电化学催化剂的设计、合成、应用注入新的活力。本综述中，我们对金属纳米颗粒/MOFs复合材料的合成策略进行了总结。此外，我们着重分析MOFs与金属纳米颗粒两个组分之间的协同效应，并阐明其结构特性、活性位点及其性能之间的关系。最后，我们展望了金属纳米颗粒/MOFs复合材料在电催化领域面临的挑战与机遇。

Abstract: Metal-organic framework (MOFs), as a novel porous nanocrystal material, has the characteristics of high specific surface area, structural diversity and component adjustability, which makes MOFs materials attract the research interest of many scholars in the field of electrocatalysis. By loading metal nanomaterials within the frame, the potential applications of MOFs can be further expanded. On the one hand, MOFs materials can effectively regulate the structure and morphology of metal nanoparticles, and on the other hand, provide a limited environment or interface structure, which can inhibit the adverse effects of metal nanoparticles in the catalytic reaction such as dissolution and poisoning. Thanks to this, metal nanoparticles/MOFs composites are expected to break through the bottlenecks of poor stability, high cost and low catalytic activity of current electrochemical catalytic materials, and inject new vitality into the design, synthesis and application of electrochemical catalysts. In this review, we summarized the synthesis strategies of metal nanoparticles/MOFs composites. In addition, we focus on analyzing the synergistic effect between MOFs and the two components of metal nanoparticles, and elucidating the relationship between their structural properties, active sites and their properties. Finally, we look forward to the challenges and opportunities of metal nanoparticles/MOFs composites in electrocatalysis.