三门湾海水养殖塘水环境变化特征

Water Environment Changes of Marine Aquaculture Ponds in Sanmen Bay

摘要: 利用新型的水产养殖自动气象站观测资料，对三门湾海水养殖塘的水温、盐度、pH值等水体要素的变化特征以及其变化规律与气象条件的关系进行了分析。结果表明：1月为水温的低值期，1~7月水温持续上升，7~8月为水温的高值期，水温的日最小值出现在7:00~8:00，水温从白天至上半夜逐渐上升，从下半夜开始逐渐下降，日平均水温变化与日平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温有明显的正相关关系，与日平均海平面气压有明显的负相关关系；1~8月盐度持续下降，1月为盐度的高值期，8月为盐度的低值期，盐度在一天中变化幅度极小，数值基本保持不变，日平均盐度变化与日平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温有明显的负相关关系，与日平均海平面气压有明显的正相关关系；1~8月pH值维持在6.4~7.3之间，水体在弱酸性到弱碱性区间变化，1月和8月水体属于弱碱性，其他月份水体属于弱酸性，5月和6月pH值最小，pH值在一天中基本无变化，数值基本保持不变，日平均pH值变化与所有气象要素不太相关，实现对pH值进行预报较为困难。

Abstract: Using the observation data from a new type of automatic aquaculture meteorological station, the variation characteristics of water temperature, salinity, and pH value in the Sanmen Bay aquaculture ponds were analyzed, as well as the relationship between their variation patterns and meteorological conditions. The results show that January is a low value period for water temperature, from January to July, the water temperature continues to rise, and from July to August is a high value period for water temperature. The daily minimum value of water temperature appears from 7:00 to 8:00, and the water temperature gradually rises from day to night, and gradually decreases from the second half of the night. The daily average water temperature change has a significant positive correlation with the daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature, and daily minimum temperature, and a significant negative correlation with the daily average sea level pressure. Salinity continues to decrease from January to August, with January being the period of high salinity and August being the period of low salinity. Salinity changes very little throughout the day, and the values remain basically unchanged. The daily average salinity change has a significant negative correlation with daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature, and daily minimum temperature, and a significant positive correlation with daily average sea level pressure. The pH value from January to August is maintained between 6.4 and 7.3, and the water varies from weakly acidic to weakly alkaline. The water in Jan-uary and August is weakly alkaline, while the water in other months is weakly acidic. The pH value in May and June is the smallest, and the pH value remains basically unchanged throughout the day. The daily average pH change is not closely related to all meteorological factors, indicating that the pH value is difficult for predicting.