论汽车合格证质押的效力

The Validity of the Pledge of Automobile Certificates

摘要: 以汽车合格证为标的的融资担保成为常见的商业模式，也产生了许多纠纷，而主流裁判认为“汽车合格证质押”并不能产生质押效力，否认此种情况下质权的设立，裁判的说理部分存在需要修正的地方。汽车合格证质押的性质是质押，并不是非典型担保。质押标的是汽车合格证，并且汽车合格证是合格的质押标的。通过比较法观察以及分析质权的留置效力，可得出汽车合格证质押理应有效。质权人可以在债务人不偿还债务时留置汽车合格证，在债务人破产时合格证质押依然有效，并依据破产法的规则处置。

Abstract: Financing guarantees with automobile certificates as the subject matter have become a common business model, and many disputes have also arisen, while mainstream judges believe that the “pledge of automobile certificates” cannot produce pledge effect, denying the establishment of pledges in this case, and there are reasons for the reasoning part of the judgment that need to be amended. The nature of a car certificate pledge is a pledge, not an atypical guarantee. The subject of the pledge is the automobile certificate, and the automobile certificate is the qualified pledge object. Through comparative observation and analysis of the lien effect of the pledge, it can be concluded that the pledge of the automobile certificate should be valid. The pledgee may retain the motor vehicle certificate when the debtor fails to pay the debt, and the pledge will remain valid in the event of the debtor’s bankruptcy and dispose of it in accordance with the rules of the insolvency law.