网络直播“打赏追回”法律问题浅析

Legal Analysis of “Refund of Rewards” on Live Video Streaming

摘要: 近年来，网络直播打赏追回案件频发，主要包括直播内容违法、虚假直播、未成年人打赏等情形。司法实践中就此类案件还存在法律关系和过错认定的分歧，其根本原因在于网络直播打赏合同定性模糊和直播平台事前义务的缺失。现有直播平台义务的相关法律规定还存在效力低、偏向原则性、未成年人保护层面不完善等缺陷。厘清直播打赏的性质，需要明确网络直播打赏的流转途径。用户购买虚拟货币为买卖合同，网络直播平台与用户之间存在网络服务合同。对于用户与主播的法律关系，应当根据是否具有对价性以及用户主播之间的合意进行分别定性。通常门票型直播、定制型直播中定制者打赏为服务合同，非定制型直播打赏为赠与合同。面对直播打赏追回中的乱象，还应明确网络直播平台的义务，如未成年人保护义务和建立主播管理机制的义务等。

Abstract: In recent years, with differences in the legal relationship and fault identification, there have been frequent cases of online broadcast rewards and refunds. The fundamental reason for the divergence in judicial practice lies in the ambiguity in the qualitative nature of online live streaming contract and the lack of obligations on the part of the live streaming platform. The existing legal provisions related to the obligations of live streaming platforms still have deficiencies such as low effectiveness, a bias towards principle, and inadequate protection for minors. To clarify the nature of live streaming and reward, it is necessary to clarify the circulation channels of live streaming and reward. The purchase of virtual currency by users is a sale contract, and there is a network service contract between the live streaming platform and the user. The legal relationship between users and hosts should be characterized based on whether there is a consideration and the mutual agreement between users and hosts. Usually, in ticket-based live streaming and customized live streaming, the customization provider’s tip is a service contract, while the noncustomized live streaming tip is a gift contract. In the face of the chaos in the recovery of live broadcast rewards, the obligations of the network broadcast platform should also be clarified.