人工智能、机器与人工翻译的语言特征——以小说《活着》译本为例

The Linguistic Features of Artificial Intelligence Translation, Machine Translation and Human Translation—A Case Study of the Chinese Novel To Live

摘要: 在AI不断发展的时代，ChatGPT作为大型交互式语言模型，具有高智能化、交互性特点，被广泛用于自然语言处理，给人工翻译和机器翻译带来了冲击和挑战。本研究以中文小说《活着》为例，使用CLAWS7、WordSmith和AntConc语言研究工具，对小说《活着》的AI翻译、人工翻译与机器翻译(有道翻译)这三个译本进行研究，旨在发现三个译本的语言特征，特别是词汇特征。研究发现，1) ChatGPT翻译词汇量最大、变化大，阅读难度大，句子所承载信息最多；2) 人工翻译用词更符合英语特点，对文化负载词的翻译最准确；3) 人工翻译人名前后一致，采用拼音翻译，有道和ChatGPT采用拼音翻译或直译，前后翻译不一致。机器翻译和人工翻译是相辅相成的，两者不可能被其中一方取代，人类应借助机器来实现更高效的翻译。

Abstract: In an era of continuous AI development, ChatGPT, as a large interactive language model, possesses high intelligence and interactivity characteristics, and it is widely used in natural language pro-cessing, posing both impact and challenges to human and machine translation. This research, using the Chinese novel To Live as an example, primarily explores the linguistic features of AI translation compared to human translation and machine translation (e.g., Youdao translation). The study found that: 1) ChatGPT translation has the richest vocabulary and variation, making it more challenging to read, while it carries the most information within sentences; 2) Human translation uses words more in line with English characteristics and provides the most accurate translations for culturally loaded terms; 3) Human translation maintains consistency in translating names, employing phonetic translations, while Youdao and ChatGPT translations use phonetic translation or direct translation, resulting in inconsistent translations. Machine translation and human translation complement each other, and neither can entirely replace the other. Humans should leverage machines to achieve more efficient translation processes.