乔治•斯坦纳阐释理论观照下的译者主体性——以《狂人日记》两英译本为例

Translator’s Subjectivity under George Stei-ner’s Hermeneutic Translation Theory—A Case Study of Two English Versions of Dairy of a Madman

摘要: 《狂人日记》是著名作家鲁迅创作的第一部白话文小说，在中国的文学史上有极高的地位，经多次翻译传到世界各国。在翻译过程中，译者主体性得到了充分的发挥。本研究选取了其两英译本：分别是著名翻译家杨宪益和戴乃迭的译本和美国鲁迅研究专家威廉•莱尔的译本，以乔治•斯坦纳在其阐释理论中提出的四个翻译步骤：“信任”、“侵入”、“吸收”和“补偿”为理论基础，分析翻译过程中译者主体性的指引。作者首先对文本进行了介绍，接着阐释了斯坦纳的阐释理论和译者主体性，随后以四个步骤为主，展开分析《狂人日记》两英译本的译者主体性的发挥。研究得出结论，杨宪益和戴乃迭偏向使用归化策略，而莱尔更多使用异化的翻译策略。两位译者虽然风格不同，但都充分发挥了译者主体性，达到了传递信息、传播文化的效果。

Abstract: Diary of a Madman is the first vernacular novel written by Chinese famous writer Lu Xun. It has a very high position in the history of Chinese literature and has been translated for many times to other countries all over the world. In the process of translating, the translator’s subjectivity has played an important role. This research selects two English versions of the work, one is translated by the famous translators Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys B. Tayler, and the other is translated by the American sinologist: William Lyell who is the expert in studies concerning Lu Xun. Based on the four translation steps proposed by George Steiner in his hermeneutics theory: “initiative trust”, “aggres-sion”, “incorporation” and “compensation”, the researcher analyzes the guidance of the translator’s subjectivity in the process of translating. The author first introduces the basic information of the original text and its oversea propagation, then explains Steiner’s hermeneutics theory and transla-tor’s subjectivity. After the basic introduction, translators’ subjectivity in the two English versions of Diary of a Madman is illustrated from the viewpoint of four main steps. Finally, the researcher con-cludes that Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys B. Tayler prefer the domestication strategy, while William Ly-ell adopts foreignization strategy more. Although the two translators have different styles, they both make the most of the translator’s subjectivity and achieve the effect of transmitting infor-mation and spreading Chinese culture.