全球海洋治理：从目标共识凝聚到法律规制完善

Global Ocean Governance: From Coherence of Goals and Consensus to Improvement of Legal Regulations

摘要: 全球海洋治理是全球治理的重要组成部分，也是人类命运共同体的应有之义。近年来，有关全球海洋治理的理论研究表现为由抽象共识到目标设置的过渡。但全球海洋治理仍然呈现实质上的碎片化状态、各国间协调性不足，且仍有国家不顾及人类利益、严重污染海洋生态环境。全球海洋生态环境治理需要体现整体性治理理念，不仅仅是在治理目标上达成共识，国家法律责任的追究也是不可或缺的一部分。本文通过文献梳理，发现全球海洋环境目标共识的凝聚亦需要完善法律规制提供坚实保障，但在全球海洋治理的过程中，法律并不能严格约束各国污染海洋环境的行为，应当从将目标共识转化为法律义务的内在规定、明确和完善国际组织的权利义务和问责机制、完善海洋治理科学技术知识产权使用的利益回馈机制三个方面进行法律规制的完善。

Abstract: Global ocean governance is an important part of global governance, and it is also the proper mean-ing of the Community of Common Destiny. In recent years, theoretical research on global ocean governance has shown a transition from abstract consensus to goal setting. However, global ocean governance still presents a substantial fragmented state, with insufficient coordination among countries, and there are still countries that disregard human interests and seriously pollute the marine ecological environment. The governance of global marine ecological environment needs to reflect the overall governance concept. Through literature review, this article finds that the convergence of global consensus on marine environmental goals also requires solid legal regulations to provide solid guarantees. However, in the process of global marine governance, laws cannot strictly constrain the behavior of countries polluting the marine environment. Instead, it is necessary to transform the consensus on goals into internal provisions of legal obligations, clarifying and improve the rights, obligations, and accountability mechanisms of international organizations, improving the benefit feedback mechanism for the use of scientific and technological intellectual property rights in ocean governance by improving the legal regulation from three aspects.