胃癌与胃内环境菌群相关性的研究进展

Research Progress on the Correlation between Gastric Cancer and the Gastric Microbiota Environment

摘要: 胃癌是全球范围第五大癌症，占据癌症致死的第三大原因。尽管在某些地区发病率有所下降，但它仍然是许多国家最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。随着科技的不断进步，胃癌的治疗方式也在不断创新。化疗作为胃癌治疗的重要手段之一，尤其是在晚期胃癌的治疗中发挥了关键作用。然而，随着化疗的广泛应用，我们逐渐认识到除了对癌细胞的直接影响之外，化疗还可能对人体内部的微生态系统产生深远的影响，尤其是胃内环境中的菌群。胃内菌群作为肠道微生物组的一部分，一直以来在健康和疾病中都扮演着至关重要的角色。它们参与食物消化、免疫调节以及维持肠道黏膜屏障的稳定性等生理过程。因此，对胃癌患者的胃内菌群进行深入研究，不仅有助于更好地理解癌症治疗的整体影响，也为个体化治疗策略的制定提供了新的视角。本综述将探讨胃癌患者胃内环境中微生物组的动态变化，以及这些变化可能对患者的治疗反应、免疫系统功能和整体生存状况产生的影响。通过深入剖析这一关键领域，我们有望为未来的治疗提供更有针对性、个体化的方案，以提高胃癌患者的生存率和生活质量。

Abstract: Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most prevalent cancer globally, constituting the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. While the incidence has shown a decline in certain regions, it remains one of the most prevalent malignancies in many countries. With continuous technological ad-vancements, innovative approaches to the treatment of gastric cancer have emerged. Chemothera-py, as a pivotal therapeutic modality for gastric cancer, particularly plays a crucial role in the treatment of advanced-stage cases. However, with the widespread application of chemotherapy, we are gradually recognizing that beyond its direct impact on cancer cells, chemotherapy may have profound effects on the internal microbial ecosystem of the human body, especially the microbial communities within the gastric environment. The gastric microbial community, integral to the gas-trointestinal microbiota, has long played a pivotal role in both health and disease. These microor-ganisms participate in physiological processes such as food digestion, immune regulation, and maintenance of the stability of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Therefore, a comprehensive investi-gation into the gastric microbial community of gastric cancer patients not only contributes to a bet-ter understanding of the overall impact of cancer treatment but also provides a novel perspective for the formulation of personalized treatment strategies. This review aims to explore the dynamic changes in the microbial composition within the gastric environment of gastric cancer patients and how these changes may influence the patients’ treatment responses, immune system function, and overall survival. By delving into this critical area, we aspire to pave the way for more targeted and personalized therapeutic approaches in the future, thereby enhancing the survival rates and quali-ty of life for gastric cancer patients.