夫妻共同债务的认定模式

The Identification Mode of Joint Debt between Husband and Wife

摘要: 在我国夫妻共同债务的认定中，以两种模式为代表，分别为“竞合型”和“共同意思表示型”。“竞合型”所代表的是消极财产与积极财产结合、消极财产的管理与积极财产的管理结合的原则，是符合夫妻共同债务制度的双重统一的原则，但是此模式下对非举债方配偶的利益保护略显不足，需要相应的例外规则予以限制。而“共同意思型”模式下强化了夫妻的团体性，切实保护了非举债方配偶的权利，实现了婚姻家庭的团体主义的价值，但与夫妻共同债务制度的双重统一的原则存在冲突。为此，应结合“共同意思”模式与“竞合”模式，对“竞合”模式加以限制，弥补其不足。

Abstract: In the identification of husband and wife’s common debt, two modes are represented, respectively, “concurrence type” and “common meaning expression type”. “Competition and cooperation” represents the principle of combination of negative property and positive property, management of negative property and management of positive property, which is in line with the principle of dual unity of the joint debt system of husband and wife. However, the protection of the interests of non-debtor spouses under this mode is slightly insufficient, and corresponding exception rules are needed to restrict it. The “common meaning” mode strengthens the unity of the husband and wife, effectively protects the rights of the non-debtor spouse, and realizes the value of the collectivism of marriage and family, but there is a conflict with the principle of the dual unity of the husband and wife joint debt system. Therefore, we should combine the mode of “common meaning” and the mode of “competition and cooperation”, and restrict the mode of “competition and cooperation” to make up for its deficiency.