缺氧诱导因子-1与缺血性脑卒中的研究进展

Research Progress of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 and Ischemic Stroke

摘要: 脑卒中是一种由脑内血管突然破裂或血管堵塞引起的急性脑血管疾病，现已成为我国居民死亡的主要原因之一。脑梗死时，缺氧诱导因子-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1, HIF-1)作为缺氧条件下重要的转录调节因子，通过调节糖代谢、血管生成、红细胞生成、细胞存活等多种途径参与脑梗死的病理过程。HIF-1在脑卒中中的调节机制包括能量代谢、氧化应激、血管重塑、神经炎症和细胞坏死、自噬、凋亡。然而，HIF-1在卒中中的作用仍存在争议，具体作用与脑组织缺血时间和缺血程度有关。同时，针对HIF-1与神经系统变性病(如阿尔兹海默症、帕金森病等)之间的关系也有越来越多的研究。基于HIF-1在神经系统疾病中的作用，HIF-1有望成为卒中治疗的潜在靶点，同时解决脑梗死期间对HIF-1何时以及采取何种干预措施的问题将为缺血性脑血管病治疗提供新的策略。

Abstract: Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by sudden rupture or blockage of blood vessels in the brain, which has become one of the major causes of death in China. As an important transcrip-tional regulator under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is involved in the pathological process of cerebral infarction by regulating glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, eryth-ropoiesis, cell survival, etc. The regulatory mechanisms of HIF-1 in stroke include energy metabo-lism, oxidative stress, vascular remodelling, neuroinflammation, cell necrosis, autophagy and apoptosis. However, the role of HIF-1 in stroke remains controversial, and the specific role is related to the duration and degree of cerebral ischaemia. Meanwhile, the relationship between HIF-1 and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, etc.) has been increas-ingly studied. Based on its role in neurological diseases, HIF-1 is expected to be a potential target for stroke therapy. Meanwhile, solving the problem of when and what interventions for HIF-1 should be taken at the time of cerebral infarction will provide a new strategy for the treatment of ischaemic cerebrovascular disease.