道德观念的心理起源——以布伦塔诺《伦理知识的起源》为中心

The Psychological Origin of Moral Ideas—Centered around Brentano’s “The Origins of Ethical Knowledge”

摘要: 布伦塔诺在《伦理知识的起源》一书中，将人的内在心理视为道德观念的源泉。而同时代的法理学家普遍认为，道德规范应起源于社会活动中所有人的普遍协议或者历史形成的自然观念。之所以出现这样的分歧，是二者对“道德”一词的定义不同。实际上，布伦塔诺所说的道德并不是指具体的道德规范，而是指人先天的道德意识，是以心理现象为基础的内在正确性观念，为道德的建立奠基。他的思想，对后世道德哲学的发展，提供了新的发展思路。

Abstract: In his book The Origin of Ethical Knowledge, Brentano regards the inner psychology of man as the source of moral ideas. Contemporary jurists generally believed that moral norms should originate from the general agreement of all people in social activities or from the natural ideas formed by history. The reason for this disagreement is that the two have different definitions of the word “mo-rality”. In fact, the morality mentioned by Brentano does not refer to specific moral norms, but to the innate moral consciousness of human beings, which is based on the concept of internal correct-ness based on psychological phenomena and lays the foundation for the establishment of morality. His thought provides a new way of thinking for the development of later moral philosophy.