双碳目标下的碳排放权交易及其法律机制构建

Carbon Emissions Trading and Its Legal Mechanism Construction under the Dual Carbon Goals

摘要: 在经济社会发展的绿色低碳转型中，如何以法治思维和法治方式推进“双碳”目标下碳排放权交易的法治化、规范化，实现政府和企业在污染防治中的主体责任，是一个重要的议题。当前，“双碳”目标对政府管理责任与企业生产经营行为提出诸多新的要求，形成了一定的规范体系，但政府管理职能的行使与碳排放权交易的市场化需求之间存在着结构性的冲突容易导致碳排放权交易的市场化程度不高，需要通过权责分明的法律体系对双方权利与义务加以明确。碳排放权交易作为一种全新的治理机制，通过实现多元主体相互间的“激励相容”，能够化解“双碳”目标下碳排放权交易市场化困境。构建适应“双碳”目标要求的碳排放权交易法律机制，需重点从两个方面加以推进：一是规范碳排放配额的法律确权及性质；二是完善碳排放权交易制度的法律体系。

Abstract: In the green and low-carbon transformation of economic and social development, how to promote the rule of law and standardization of carbon emission trading under the “dual carbon” goal with rule of law thinking and rule of law, and realize the main responsibility of the government and enterprises in pollution prevention and control is an important issue. At present, the “dual carbon” goal puts forward many new requirements for government management responsibilities and enterprise production and operation behavior, forming a certain normative system, but there is a structural conflict between the exercise of government management functions and the market-oriented demand for carbon emission trading, which can easily lead to a low degree of marketization of carbon emission rights trading, and the rights and obligations of both parties need to be clarified through a legal system with clear rights and responsibilities. As a new governance mechanism, carbon emissions trading can solve the dilemma of marketization of carbon emission trading under the “dual carbon” goal by realizing “incentive compatibility” between multiple subjects. To build a legal mechanism for carbon emissions trading that meets the requirements of the “dual carbon” goal, it is necessary to promote it from two aspects: first, to regulate the legal confirmation and nature of carbon emission quotas; the second is to improve the legal system of the carbon emission trading system.