轻微暴力致人死亡案件中主观要件的客观化认定

Objectified Determination of Subjective Elements in Cases of Minor Violence Resulting in Death

摘要: 在司法实践中，犯罪的主观认定往往对案件的定性起着至关重要的作用。明确行为人当时的犯罪目的和主观罪过，有助于确定犯罪的客观要件。但是，犯罪主观深藏于行为人的内心，往往不能真实、明显地被外界所感知，这便无形中增加了司法实务工作中的难度。从行为人的外在表现出发，以主观与客观相统一为基本原则，把行为人的主观内心认定为客观外化的诸多因素，从而对其主观内心进行更好的探求。文章以轻微暴力致人死亡案件为切入点，犯罪主观要件的判断正是该类案件的解决重点。在司法实践中，要解决此类案件的定性问题，应正确区分故意伤害罪、过失致人死亡罪与意外事件之间的关系，并明确殴打与伤害故意的区分标准、行为人预见能力的判断原则，并引入相关归责理论。

Abstract: In judicial practice, the subjective determination of crime often plays a crucial role in the characterization of the case. It is helpful to determine the objective elements of the crime by clarifying the criminal purpose and subjective guilt of the perpetrator at that time. However, the subjective nature of crime is hidden in the heart of the perpetrator, and often can not be truly and obviously perceived by the outside world, which invisibly increases the difficulty in judicial practice. To better explore the perpetrator’s subjective heart, we should start from the external performance of the perpetrator, take the unity of subjective and objective as the basic principle, and regard the perpetrator’s subjective heart as many factors of objective externalization. This article takes the case of minor violence resulting in death as the starting point. The article takes the case of death caused by minor violence as the starting point, and the judgment of the subjective elements of crime is the key to solve this kind of case. In judicial practice, in order to solve the qualitative problem of such cases, we should correctly distinguish the relationship between intentional injury, negligent death and accident, and clearly distinguish the criteria of intentional assault and injury, the judgment principle of the doer's foresight, and introduce the relevant imputation theory.