老年人常见睡眠障碍的研究进展

Research Progress of Common Sleep Disorders in the Elderly

摘要: 睡眠障碍的患病率会随着年龄的增长而增加，确定与睡眠障碍相关的因素至关重要，包括药物滥用、慢性疾病、精神疾病、体力活动减少以及老年人睡眠习惯的改变。常见的睡眠问题包括慢性失眠、昼夜节律性睡眠障碍、与睡眠相关的运动障碍和睡眠呼吸障碍。睡眠障碍的诊断通常使用诊断工具，如睡眠质量问卷调查、详细的查体和多导睡眠监测。睡眠障碍的治疗常常基于病因，包括非药物和药物替代治疗。慢性失眠和某些睡眠障碍的非药物治疗，包括认知行为疗法、睡眠卫生教育、放松疗法、睡眠限制、光疗和刺激控制疗法。此外，越来越多的证据表明，精神心理问题与睡眠障碍的共存对老年人合并症的治疗构成了临床挑战。鉴于老年人的健康状况，关注老年人的睡眠障碍，为人们认识睡眠障碍及干预睡眠障碍提供建议与管理。

Abstract: The prevalence of sleep disorders increases with age, and it is critical to identify factors associated with sleep disorders, including substance abuse, chronic illness, mental illness, decreased physical activity, and changes in sleep habits in older adults. Common sleep problems include chronic in-somnia, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, and sleep breathing disorders. Sleep disorders are usually diagnosed using diagnostic tools such as sleep quality ques-tionnaires, detailed physical examination, and polysomnography. Treatment of sleep disorders is often based on etiology and includes non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic alternatives. Non- pharmacological treatments for chronic insomnia and certain sleep disorders include cognitive be-havioral therapy, sleep hygiene education, relaxation therapy, sleep restriction, light therapy, and stimulus control therapy. In addition, a growing body of evidence suggests that the coexistence of psychosomatic problems and sleep disorders poses a clinical challenge for the treatment of comor-bidities in older adults. Given the health status of older adults, focusing on sleep disorders in older adults allows for providing recommendations and management to the recognition of sleep disorders and the intervention of sleep disorders.