P63在HER2低表达乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

Expression and Clinical Significance of P63 in HER2 Low-Expression Breast Cancer

摘要: 乳腺癌是全球女性常见的恶性肿瘤，而乳腺癌患者的转移和浸润是影响患者生存预后的主要因素。目前，临床上将乳腺癌分为四种，即Luminal A型、Luminal B型、HER2过表达型及三阴型乳腺癌，不同分子分型的乳腺癌细胞在增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭等方面具有明显差异，其中最常见的为HER2过表达型乳腺癌。HER2的过表达使乳腺癌细胞的转移风险增高，而且与雌孕激素受体的表达情况及患者生存预后相关。HER2过表达一定程度影响细胞的恶性增殖，是患者预后的独立危险因素。2021年HER2低表达这一概念的提出，将传统的“HER2阴性”细分为HER2零表达和HER2低表达，但其能否作为乳腺癌新的分型还需要进一步研究来验证。p63是p53家族的成员，在结构与功能上与p53高度同源，在肿瘤的发生发展及转移过程中至关重要。而在乳腺癌中，p63参与肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移等重要过程，研究发现ΔNp63在HER2调节的细胞侵袭和散射中也起重要作用。ΔNp63就通常高表达于具有化生和基底样特征的肿瘤，这些肿瘤通常就是三阴型乳腺癌，目前部分HER2低表达人群仍被归类于三阴型乳腺癌中。因此，本文就p63蛋白与HER2低表达型乳腺癌及其相关性与临床意义等方面进行综述，为p63的意义及HER2低表达型乳腺癌的后续研究提供理论依据。

Abstract: Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in women all over the world, and the metastasis and invasion of breast cancer patients are the main factors affecting the survival prognosis. At present, there are four types of breast cancer: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 over-expression type and triple negative type. There are significant differences in proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion among breast cancer cells of different molecular types, the most common of which is HER2 overex-pression. Overexpression of HER2 increases the metastatic risk of breast cancer cells and is associ-ated with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression and patient survival. The over-expression of HER2 may affect the malignant proliferation of cells to some extent and is an inde-pendent risk factor for the prognosis of patients. The concept of HER2 low-expression subdivides the traditional “HER2 negative” into HER2 zero-expression and HER2 low-expression in 2021, but whether it can be used as a new classification of breast cancer needs further study. P63 is a member of p53 family, which is highly homologous with p53 in structure and function, and plays an im-portant role in tumorigenesis, development and metastasis. In breast cancer, p63 is involved in the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. ΔNp63 also plays an important role in HER2-regulated cell invasion and scattering. ΔNp63 is usually highly expressed in tumors with metaplastic and ba-sal-like features, and these tumors are usually triple-negative breast cancers, and some low- ex-pression HER2 populations are still classified as triple-negative breast cancers. Therefore, this arti-cle reviews p63 protein and HER2 low-expression breast cancer and its correlation and clinical sig-nificance, which provides a theoretical basis for the follow-up study of p63 and HER2 low- expres-sion breast cancer.