CT影像组学在胸部疾病诊疗中的应用新进展

New Progress in the Application of CT Imaging Omics in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chest Diseases

摘要: 气胸(pneumothorax)系肺组织及脏层胸膜破裂或胸壁及壁层胸膜被穿透空气进入胸膜腔，形成胸膜腔积气和肺组织的压缩。在无创伤或人为情况下，肺组织及脏层胸膜自发破裂，空气进入胸膜腔，导致肺组织受压，引发一系列综合征称为自发性气胸(Spontaneous pneumothorax, SP)。自发性气胸又分为原发性自发性气胸和继发性自发性气胸。原发性自发性气胸(Primary spontaneous pneu-mothorax, PSP)指肺脏实质或脏层胸膜在无外源性或介入性因素影响以及无基础性肺疾病条件下，自行发生破裂，引起气体在胸膜腔蓄积，男性发病率18~28/10万，而女性发病率要低的多，大约为1.2~6.0/10万；继发性自发性气胸是指继发于肺脏各种疾病，如慢性肺结核、弥漫性肺间质纤维化、肺癌等。原发性自发性气胸的临床症状比较典型，多在休息时发病，症状多为伴或不伴呼吸困难的突发性胸痛。自发性气胸(SP)是临床上比较常见的呼吸系统疾病，呼吸困难、胸痛等是该疾病主要的临床表现，若不及时接受治疗，则可能会损害患者的肺功能，诱发皮下气肿、纵膈气肿、血气胸等并发症，给患者的日常生活质量和工作状态带来不便。严重时还会危及患者的生命，给患者的生命健康安全造成极大的威胁。

Abstract: Pneumothorax refers to the rupture of the lung tissue and visceral pleura, or the penetration of air into the pleural cavity of the chest wall and parietal pleura, resulting in pneumothorax and com-pression of lung tissue. Without trauma or artificial circumstances, the lung tissue and visceral pleura spontaneously rupture, air enters the pleural cavity, leading to compression of the lung tis-sue, which leads to a series of syndromes called spontaneous pneumothorax (SP). Spontaneous pneumothorax can be divided into primary spontaneous pneumothorax and secondary spontane-ous pneumothorax. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) refers to the spontaneous rupture of the lung parenchyma or visceral pleura without the influence of exogenous or interventional factors and without basic lung diseases, resulting in the accumulation of gas in the pleural cavity. The inci-dence rate of men is 18~28/100,000, while that of women is much lower, about 1.2~6.0/100,000; Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax refers to various diseases secondary to the lungs, such as chronic pulmonary tuberculosis, diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, lung cancer, etc. The clinical symptoms of primary spontaneous pneumothorax are typical, which usually occur at rest. The symptoms are usually sudden chest pain with or without dyspnea. Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is a common disease in clinic. The main clinical manifestations of SP are dyspnea and chest pain, which bring inconvenience to the quality of daily life and working status of patients. If patients with spontaneous pneumothorax do not receive treatment in time, they may damage their lung function, induce subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, hemopneumothorax and other com-plications, and even endanger their lives when serious, posing a great threat to their health and safety.