多子还能多福吗？子女数量对老年人主观幸福感的影响——基于CGSS 2021数据的实证分析

Can More Kids Still have More Blessings? The Impact of the Number of Children on the Subjective Well-Being of the Elderly—An Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS 2021 Data

摘要: 在2021年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据清洗的基础上，老年人主观幸福感作为因变量，并将样本老年人子女情况分为有无子女、子女数量以及更为细致的儿子、女儿数量四个自变量，研究子女数量对老年人主观幸福感的影响，为生育政策的发展方向提供建议。本文运用二元Logistic回归分析，实证分析三类样本老年人子女情况自变量对老年人主观幸福感的影响。回归结果表明，老年人生理因素中，年龄、居住地、婚姻状况、身体健康状况四个自变量对老年人主观幸福感具有显著影响。老年人子女情况中，多子并不能使老年人主观幸福感更“幸福”，而是子女提供经济支持的老年人主观幸福感更倾向于“幸福”。我国老年人主观幸福感的评判依据已不再遵循“养儿防老”、“多子多福”等传统看法，而是更关注于自身，表现为自我需求是否达到满足。由此，为实现生育政策的有效落地与可持续发展，应逐步转变生育性别偏好；社会保障政策向为父母提供资金支持的子女做出倾斜；同时推进为老服务项目建设，提高社区为老服务专业水平。

Abstract: Based on the data cleansing of the 2021 China Comprehensive Social Survey (CGSS), the subjective well-being of the elderly was used as the dependent variable, and the sample of elderly children was divided into four independent variables: the presence or absence of children, the number of children, and the more detailed number of sons and daughters. The impact of the number of children on the subjective well-being of the elderly was studied, providing suggestions for the development direction of fertility policies. This article uses binary logistic regression analysis to empirically analyze the impact of independent variables on the subjective well-being of elderly people in three types of sample children. The regression results indicate that among the physiological factors of the elderly, age, place of residence, marital status, and physical health status have a significant impact on their subjective well-being. In the case of elderly children, having multiple children does not make their subjective well-being more “happy”, but rather tends to be more “happy” when their children provide financial support. The evaluation criteria for subjective well-being of elderly people in China no longer follow traditional views such as “raising children to prevent aging” and “having more children and more happiness”, but rather focus more on themselves, manifested as whether their own needs have been met. Therefore, in order to achieve effective implementation and sustainable development of fertility policies, gender preference for childbirth should be gradually transformed; Social security policies favor children who provide financial support for their parents; Simultaneously promote the construction of elderly service projects and improve the professional level of community elderly service.