职业压力对教师焦虑–抑郁的影响——一个链式中介模型

The Impact of Occupational Stress on Anxiety-Depression in Teachers—A Serial Mediation Model

摘要: 目的：探讨社会支持和心理弹性在职业压力与教师焦虑–抑郁水平之间的链式中介作用。方法：采用教师职业压力源问卷、社会支持评定量表、心理弹性量表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表，对川渝地区幼儿园、中小学及职业高中5208名教师进行调查。结果：1) 职业压力与教师焦虑、抑郁显著正相关，与社会支持、心理弹性显著负相关，社会支持、心理弹性与焦虑、抑郁显著负相关；2) 职业压力正向预测教师焦虑–抑郁水平；3) 社会支持和心理弹性在职业压力与教师焦虑–抑郁之间起链式中介作用。结论：职业压力不仅可以直接正向预测教师焦虑–抑郁，还可以通过社会支持和心理弹性的链式中介预测教师焦虑–抑郁。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the chain mediating effect of social support and resilience on the relationship between occupational stress and anxiety and depression in teachers. Methods: 5208 teachers in kindergartens, primary and secondary schools and vocational high schools in Southwest China were investigated with the Teacher Occupational Stressors Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, Resilience Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale. Results: 1) Occupation-al stress was positively correlated with anxiety and depression, negatively correlated with social support and resilience, and negatively correlated with anxiety and depression; 2) Occupational stress positively predicts teachers’ anxiety-depression level; 3) Social support and psychological re-silience play a chain mediating role between occupational stress and teachers’ anxiety-depression. Conclusion: Professional stress can not only directly positively predict teacher anxiety-depression, but also indirectly through the chain mediation of social support and psychological resilience, nega-tively predicting teacher anxiety-depression.