妊娠期补充维生素D与妊娠期糖尿病发病率的研究进展

Research Progress on Vitamin D Supplementation during Pregnancy and the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes

摘要: 维生素D被称为“阳光维生素”，具有免疫调节和抗炎的作用，在母体的健康和胎儿发育过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。维生素D的特殊作用不仅会根据体内葡萄糖水平来调节胰岛素的释放，还能优化胎儿骨骼发育生长。近年来随着生育率升高，患病率也随之升高的妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM)可能对妇女及其后代造成严重的短期和长期不良健康后果，这是需要引起重视的。而孕早期维生素D水平可以作为GDM早期的预测指标之一来及时的提醒医生和孕妇，加强对GDM的重视。目前，关于在怀孕期间补充维生素D的最佳剂量仍未达到共识。本文基于此，对妊娠期妇女补充维生素D与妊娠期糖尿病发病率的相关研究状况进行了系统的梳理、总结和评述，以期给后续研究者有所借鉴和启示。

Abstract: Vitamin D is called “sunlight vitamin” and has immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects, and plays a vital role in maternal health and fetal development. The special effect of vitamin D will not only regulate the release of insulin according to the level of glucose in the body, but also opti-mize the development and growth of fetal bones. In recent years, with the increase in fertility, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may cause serious short-term and long-term ad-verse health consequences for women and their offspring, which needs to be paid attention to. At present, there is still no consensus on the optimal dose of vitamin D supplementation during preg-nancy. Based on this, this article systematically sorts out, summarizes and comments on the re-search status of vitamin D supplementation and the incidence of gestational diabetes in pregnant women, with a view to providing reference and inspiration for subsequent researchers.