宜昌市儿童气管支气管异物136例临床分析

Clinical Analysis of 136 Cases of Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies in Children in Yichang

摘要: 目的：探讨宜昌市儿童气管支气管异物的临床特征。方法：回顾性分析2019年1月至2023年6月在宜昌市中心人民医院儿科住院的通过电子支气管镜诊治的136例患儿的临床资料。结果：儿童气管支气管异物患儿男性多于女性，以1岁至3岁居多。患儿多来自于宜昌所辖县市，冬春季节多发。多数在入院时能提供明确的异物吸入病史，异物滞留时间多在24 h内。吸入异物多为花生、坚果类异物，异物种类组间性别分布差异性及年龄分布差异性无统计学意义(P > 0.05)，异物最大直径范围为4~20 mm。异物滞留位置以右侧居多，异物滞留位置组间性别分布差异性及年龄分布差异性无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。气管支气管异物患儿多表现为咳嗽、喘息，有哮鸣音及单侧呼吸音减低，异物滞留时间长易合并并发症，差异性有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多采用网篮联合钳夹取出异物。结论：宜昌地区儿童气管支气管异物具有性别、年龄、地区分布、季节性等特点，依据流行病学特点做好诊疗工作及防范措施具有重要意义。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children in Yichang. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 136 children who were hospitalized in the Pediatrics Department of Yichang Central People’s Hospital from January 2019 to June 2023 through electronic bronchoscopy. Results: Children with tracheobronchial foreign bodies are more male than female, mostly aged from 1 to 3. Most of the children come from the counties and cities under the jurisdiction of Yichang, and they are frequent in winter and spring. Most of them can provide a clear history of foreign body inhalation when they are admitted to hospital, and the retention time of foreign bodies is mostly within 24 hours. Most of the foreign bodies inhaled were peanuts and nuts, and there was no significant difference in sex distribution and age distribu-tion between groups of foreign bodies (P > 0.05). The maximum diameter of foreign bodies was 4~20 mm. The foreign body retention position is mostly on the right side, and there is no significant difference in gender distribution and age distribution between groups of foreign body retention po-sitions (P > 0.05). Children with tracheobronchial foreign bodies mostly showed cough, wheezing, wheezing sound and decreased unilateral breathing sound, and foreign bodies were prone to com-plications when they stayed for a long time, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Most foreign bodies are taken out by net basket combined with clamp. Conclusion: Children’s tracheobronchial foreign bodies in Yichang area have the characteristics of sex, age, regional distribution and season-ality, so it is of great significance to do a good job in diagnosis and treatment and preventive measures according to epidemiological characteristics.