大学生体能锻炼与孤独感的关系调查研究

Investigation on the Relationship between Physical Activities and Loneliness among College Students

摘要: 本文探讨了体育锻炼对孤独感的影响，并考察了性别、年级等因素在孤独感和体育运动上的差异。采用问卷调查法在北京市某高校收集数据，共收回有效问卷509份。使用UCLA孤独量表、国际体力活动调查问卷(IPAQ)进行调查，并运用SPSS 25.0对数据进行描述统计、逐步回归、曼–惠特尼秩和检验。经过研究得出，73.1%的被试大学生感到孤独，其中37.1%感到严重孤独；高运动量的大学生占比较少；体育运动的性别差异显著(P < 0.01)，男性大学生运动量更多；孤独感的感情状况差异显著(P < 0.01)，单身大学生更孤独；而孤独感的性别差异不显著(P > 0.05)；体育运动的年级差异显著(P < 0.05)，大一至大三学生运动量递减；体育锻炼对孤独感的负向影响显著(B = −0.001, P < 0.01)。

Abstract: This study explores the impact of physical activities on loneliness and examines the differences in loneliness and physical activities based on factors such as gender and grade. A questionnaire survey was conducted at a university in Beijing, and a total of 509 valid questionnaires were collected. The UCLA Loneliness Scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used for the survey. Descriptive statistics, stepwise regression analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, and other methods were used to process the data by SPSS 25.0. The study found that 73.1% of college stu-dents felt lonely, with 37.1% experiencing severe loneliness. A smaller proportion of college stu-dents engaged in high levels of physical activity. The gender difference in physical activities was significant (P < 0.01), with male college students engaging in more physical activities. There was a significant difference in loneliness based on relationship status (P < 0.01), with single person feeling lonelier. However, there was no significant difference between gender and loneliness (P > 0.05). The grade difference in physical activities was significant (P < 0.05), with the level of physical activity decreasing from freshman to junior students. Additionally, physical activities had a significant neg-ative effect on loneliness (B = −0.001, P < 0.01).