试析it形式主语句中that从句的句法成分

An Analysis of the Syntactic Constituent of That Clause in the Sentence Pattern with Formal Subject “It”

摘要: 本文聚焦于形式主语dummy it的句式“it + be + 抽象名词短语 + that从句”。首先回顾了Fillmore和Chomsky关于dummy it的生成的不同观点，然后基于此，用四分表来分析that从句的句法成分——是与形式主语it相关联的主语从句，还是与抽象名词相关联的同位语从句。另外，在研究中我们还分析了虚词it与虚词there在形式主语句中的差异，虚词it必须被真正的主语投射语义，虚词it的语义不能是Ø，而there却没有这个要求。当there be句中不存在修饰成分或者修饰成分仅对存在物进行陈述时，虚词there的语义是Ø，而当句子有不直接修饰存在物的其他部分时，there可以获得该部分的语义投射，通常是具体或抽象的处所格和时间格等的语义。

Abstract: This paper focuses on sentence pattern “it + be + abstract noun phrase + that clause”, which in-cludes a dummy it as the formal subject. Firstly, this paper reviews two different ideas of the gener-ation of dummy it from Chomsky and Fillmore. Based on that, this paper tries to analyze the syntac-tic constituent of “that clause” in sentence pattern “it + be + abstract noun phrase + that clause”. There are two possible answers: a subject clause connected with dummy it or an appositive clause connected with the abstract noun phrase. Besides, this paper finds a difference between dummy it and dummy there. The semantic meaning of dummy “it” cannot be Ø, which means that dummy it must be projected a meaning by logical subject. By contrast, dummy ‘there’ is flexible. If there is no modifier or all modifiers are only for the existent, the semantic meaning of dummy there will be Ø. Whereas, when modifiers work for others rather than existence, dummy there would get the se-mantic meaning by projection from these modifiers. And usually, meanings relate to specific or ab-stract time and space.