汉江中下游最小生态需水及保证率研究
Study on the Minimum Ecological Water Demand and Guarantee Rate in the Middle and Lower Han River
DOI: 10.12677/JWRR.2023.125059, PDF,    国家自然科学基金支持
作者: 黄惟亚, 苏海岚, 陈美瑶, 张俊宏*, 岳 垚, 陈欣鑫：中南民族大学资源与环境学院，资源转化与污染控制国家民委重点实验室，湖北 武汉；邹振华：长江水利委员会长江中游水文水资源勘测局，湖北 武汉；李二明：武汉水务科学研究院，湖北 武汉；程小翠：湖北省水文水资源应急监测中心，湖北 武汉
关键词: 汉江中下游；生态需水量；Tennant法；逐月最小生态径流；The Middle and Lower Han River； Ecological Water Demand； Tennant Method； Monthly Minimum Ecological Runoff
摘要: 近年人为因素对河流径流量的影响越来越大，研究河流生态需水量显得尤为重要。为研究汉江中下游的生态需水，利用黄家港站、皇庄站和仙桃站三个水文站1974年至2022年的水文资料，采用Tennant法、流量历时曲线法和逐月最小生态径流法计算得到最小生态需水量，并根据丰水期40%、枯水期70%和平水期50%的保证率得到了适宜生态需水量。结果表明：皇庄站生态需水量最大，年最小生态需水量为198.65亿m3，年适宜生态需水量为364.04亿m3。同时，从上游到下游生态需水满足度降低，三个水文站丰水期最小生态需水量远大于枯水期。通过研究汉江中下游生态需水及保证率，可对后续生态保护及水资源配置提供一定参考。
Abstract: With the increasing influence of anthropogenic factors on river runoff in recent years, it is particularly important to study the ecological water demand of rivers. To study the ecological water demand in the middle and lower Han River, the hydrological data from 1974 to 2022 at Huangjiagang, Huangzhuang and Xiantao stations were collected. The Tennant method, flow duration curve method and the monthly mini-mum ecological runoff method were used to calculate the minimum ecological water demand, and the suitable ecological water demand was obtained according to the guarantee rate of 40% in the wet season, 70% in the dry season, and 50% in the normal season. The results show that from the ecological water demand of Huangzhuang station is the largest, the annual minimum ecological water demand is 19.865 billion m3, and the annual suitable ecological water demand is 36.404 billion m3. At the same time, the ecological water demand satisfaction decreases from upstream to downstream, and the minimum ecologi-cal water demand of the three hydrological stations in the wet season is much larger than that in the dry season. The study of ecological water demand and guarantee rate in the middle and lower Han River can provide some reference for the subsequent ecological protection and water resources allocation.
文章引用：黄惟亚, 邹振华, 李二明, 程小翠, 苏海岚, 陈美瑶, 张俊宏, 岳垚, 陈欣鑫. 汉江中下游最小生态需水及保证率研究[J]. 水资源研究, 2023, 12(5): 538-545. https://doi.org/10.12677/JWRR.2023.125059

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