浅析弗洛伊德理论体系下的俄狄浦斯情结

Analysis of Oedipus Complex under Freud’s Theory System

摘要: 俄狄浦斯情结是精神分析学派最重要的建构。并且，在弗洛伊德的理论体系中，俄狄浦斯情结是作为一个关联着性本能理论、无意识领域、梦的分析和神经病学等关联范畴的一个概念。俄狄浦斯情结中的“俄狄浦斯”借用于古希腊的著名悲剧《俄狄浦斯王》。不仅如此，弗洛伊德曾经把俄狄浦斯悲剧性遭遇的缘由归结于人类潜意识中具有普遍性的俄狄浦斯情结。弗洛伊德认为，俄狄浦斯情结概念是多种因素共同作用的结果。而作为一个建构的理论，弗洛伊德在解读俄狄浦斯的悲剧命运时和其他文本时都运用了俄狄浦斯情结，不同之处在于，俄狄浦斯的悲剧命运为弗洛伊德的俄狄浦斯情结的概念界定提供了灵感。弗洛伊德在探析神经症病因之时，发现了儿童早期和双亲的关系与俄狄浦斯神话故事和同名戏剧的情节十分吻合。因此，弗洛伊德所发现的这种俄狄浦斯神话故事被他视为是一种普遍现象，并且，他还据此来阐释文学文本。

Abstract: The Oedipus complex is the most important construction of the psychoanalytic school. Moreover, in Freud’s theoretical system, the Oedipus complex is a concept associated with the theory of sexual instinct, the realm of the unconscious, dream analysis, and neurology. The “Oedipus” in the Oedipus complex is borrowed from the famous ancient Greek tragedy “Oedipus the King”. Moreover, Freud once attributed the cause of Oedipus’ tragic encounter to the universal Oedipus complex in human subconscious. According to Freud, the concept of Oedipus complex is the result of many factors. As a constructive theory, Freud used the Oedipus complex when interpreting the tragic fate of Oedipus and other texts. The difference is that the tragic fate of Oedipus provides inspiration for Freud’s conceptual definition of the Oedipus complex. When Freud explored the causes of neurosis, he found that the relationship between early childhood and parents was very much in line with the plot of the Oedipus myth and the play of the same name. Thus, the Oedipus myth that Freud discovered was regarded by him as a universal phenomenon, and he interpreted literary texts accordingly.