胡塞尔现象还原论：重构心理“意识自然化”

Husserl’s Phenomenal Reductionism: Reconstructing the Psychological “Naturalisation of Consciousness”

摘要: 自然主义的蓬勃发展，对西方主流心理学的本体论与认识论预设产生深刻影响，在心理学上表现出心理“意识自然化”从而遮蔽了意识的“意向性”，最终导致“心”与“物”的二元断裂；胡塞尔对心理“意识自然化”的解读过程，就是不断对心理“意识自然化”解构与重构，他继承布伦塔诺的“意向内在性”理论，直观到心理意识的本质是“心”而非“物”；同时，他还洞察到“现象还原论”重构心理“意识自然化”目的是重塑“心”的主体性地位、确证自我与他者的存在。故而，人类须以心理意识为出发点，如此这般才能更好地追寻生命、充实生命，从而进入真正的心理生活，而非虚假的心理生活。

Abstract: The flourishing development of naturalism has had a profound impact on the ontological and epistemological presuppositions of mainstream Western psychology, which has manifested in psychological “naturalisation of consciousness”, thus obscuring the “intentionality” of consciousness, and ultimately leading to a dualistic rupture between “mind” and “object”; Husserl’s interpretation process of psychological “naturalisation of consciousness” is a continuous deconstruction and reconstruction of psychological “naturalisation of consciousness”, and he inherits Brentano’s theory of “intrinsic intentionality”, and intuits that the essence of psychological consciousness is “mind” rather than “thing”; at the same time, he has also perceived that the purpose of the “phenomenal reductionist” reconstruction of mental “naturalisation of consciousness” is to reshape the subjective status of the “mind” and to confirm the existence of the self and the other. Therefore, human beings must take psychological consciousness as the starting point, so that they can better pursue life and enrich it, and thus enter into a real psychological life rather than a false one.