在线环境下自我调节学习的元认知监控研究综述

A Review of Research on Metacognitive Monitoring for Self-Regulated Learning in Online Environments

摘要: 有效的学习需要准确的元认知监控能力，在当前时代背景下，越来越多的学习环境要求学习者积极进行自我调节，运用元认知能力进行监测和调控自身的学习行为，以实现高效学习。文章通过梳理相关文献资料，在已有研究的基础上首先回顾了元认知的定义及研究范式，其次介绍了在学习过程中常见的元认知错觉和机制，以及在在线学习环境下提高学生元认知准确性的相关研究。已有研究表明在学习过程中加入元认知提示问题有助于提升学业表现，但于在线学习环境中设置同样的元认知支架是否会带来同样的效果有待进一步研究。最后基于当前研究提出了促进学习者元认知能力的教育对策，并为今后在线学习环境中的元认知研究提供思路与方向。

Abstract: Effective learning requires accurate metacognitive monitoring ability, and in the current era, more and more learning environments require learners to actively self-regulate and use metacognitive ability to monitor and regulate their own learning behaviors in order to achieve efficient learning. By combing the relevant literature, the article firstly reviews the definition and research paradigm of metacognition on the basis of existing studies; secondly, it introduces the common metacognitive illusions and mechanisms in the learning process, as well as the relevant studies on improving students’ metacognitive accuracy in online learning environments. It has been shown that adding metacognitive cueing questions to the learning process can help improve academic performance, but whether the same metacognitive scaffolding in an e-learning environment will have the same effect needs to be further investigated. Finally, the article proposes educational countermeasures to promote learners’ metacognitive abilities based on current research and provides ideas and directions for future research on metacognition in online learning environments.