少子老龄化背景下我国社区居家养老发展困境及出路

The Development Dilemma and Outlet of Community Home Care in China under the Background of Decreasing Youth and Aging

摘要: 截止到2021年末，我国总人口数为141,260万人，65岁以上老年人口数为20,056万人，占人口总数的14.2%，相比2020年末的13.5%增长0.7个百分点；65岁以上老年抚养比达到20.8%，相比2020年末的19.7%增长1.1个百分点。2021年年末我国0~14岁人口数为24,678万人，占当时总人口的17.5%，比上一年的17.9%下降0.4个百分点；少儿抚养比为25.6%，比上一年26.2%下降0.6个百分点；总抚养比为46.3%。比上一年的45.9%上升0.4个百分点。少子老龄化是我国目前十分严峻的社会问题，而且伴随着家庭功能削弱，传统的居家养老将无法满足老年人养老需求，结合老年人的特点，社区居家养老模式可以更好地解决养老服务问题，但在实际的发展中还存在诸多问题，需要进一步解决。

Abstract: By the end of 2021, China’s total population was 1412.6 million, and the elderly population over 65 years old was 20.56 million, accounting for 14.2% of the total population, up 0.7 percentage points from 13.5% at the end of 2020; the elderly dependency ratio reached 20.8%, up 1.1 percentage points from 19.7% at the end of 2020. By the end of 2021, China’s population aged 0~14 years old was 246.78 million, accounting for 17.5% of the total population at that time, down 0.4 percentage points from the previous year’s 17.9%; the child dependency ratio was 25.6%, down 0.6 percentage points from 26.2% in the previous year; the total dependency ratio was 46.3%. It was 0.4 percentage points higher than the previous year’s 45.9 percent. The aging of young children is a very serious social problem in China at present, and with the weakening of family functions, the traditional home care will not be able to meet the needs of the elderly. Combined with the characteristics of the elderly, the community home care model can better solve the problem of elderly care services, but there are still many problems in the actual development, which need to be further solved.