EGFR基因在头颈部鳞状细胞癌中表达及临床应用的研究进展

Research Progress on the Expression and Clinical Application of EGFR Gene in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

摘要: 头颈部肿瘤目前是世界第六大肿瘤。超过一半的头颈部肿瘤患者在首次诊断时已经是晚期。多年来，人们一直致力于研究头颈部肿瘤患者的治疗方法，但晚期患者仍然有较高的死亡率。近年来，研究发现表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)在许多恶性肿瘤中的高表达与肿瘤细胞增殖和转移密切相关，而EGFR在头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)中也呈现高表达，因此EGFR基因在头颈部鳞癌中表达的研究和靶向治疗成为了热点。尽管许多相关临床试验显示出良好的前景，但在研究内容上比较局限，缺乏大量的III期临床试验数据加以支持。因此，本文主要通过探讨EGFR基因在头颈部鳞癌中的临床意义及研究现状，总结EGFR靶向治疗的研究进展，来提出未来的研究方向，为HNSCC的治疗提供更多的理论依据。

Abstract: Head and neck tumors are currently the sixth largest tumor in the world. More than half of patients with head and neck tumors are already in advanced stages at the initial diagnosis. For many years, people have been striving to find treatment methods for patients with head and neck tumors, but the mortality rate of advanced cases is still high. In recent years, studies have shown that the high expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in many malignant tumors is closely related to tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, and EGFR also exhibits high expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Therefore, the study of EGFR gene expression and targeted therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has become a hot topic. Although many related clinical trials have shown good prospects, the research content is relatively limited, and the data from phase three clinical trials is insufficient to support it. Therefore, this article explores the clini-cal importance and current research status of EGFR gene in head and neck epidermal cancer, sum-marizes the research progress of EGFR targeted therapy, and provides suggestions for future re-search directions, in order to provide additional theoretical basis for the treatment of HNSCC.