外部记忆辅助工具对记忆影响的研究综述

Review of Studies on the Effects of External Memory Aids on Memory

摘要: 外部记忆辅助工具在日常生活中应用广泛，如笔记，照片，互联网等等。这些工具在我们的生活中和教育中运用非常广泛，但是这些工具的使用也影响着我们的记忆，引发了研究者们的关注并进行了研究。本文通过对国内外研究的梳理，从笔记、照片和互联网三个方面探讨外部记忆辅助工具对我们记忆的影响和影响机制以及外部记忆辅助工具对记忆障碍患者的帮助作用。外部记忆辅助工具对我们的记忆既有负面影响影响又有正面影响，其影响机制主要有两个方面，一个方面是影响注意力过程，另一个方面认知卸载假说。但是互联网对记忆的影响和影响机制并不明确。外部记忆辅助工具能够帮助脑损伤患者记忆的恢复，但是对于帮助其他疾病引起的记忆障碍的恢复的证据还不充足。未来研究应该着重研究外部记忆辅助工具尤其是互联网对记忆的影响和影响机制并继续研究外部记忆辅助工具对记忆障碍患者的帮助，得到更加准确有效的结论。

Abstract: External memory aids are widely used in everyday life, such as note-taking, photos, the Internet, and so on. These tools are widely used in our life and education, but the use of these tools also af-fects our memory, which has aroused the attention of researchers and has been studied. In this pa-per, by combing domestic and international studies, we discuss the effect and mechanism of exter-nal memory aids on our memory and the helping effect of external memory aids on patients with memory disorders from three aspects: notes, photos and the Internet. External memory aids have both negative and positive effects on our memory, and there are two main aspects of their influence mechanism, one aspect is to influence the attention process, and the other aspect is the cognitive of-floading hypothesis. However, the effect of the Internet on memory and the mechanism of influence is not clear. External memory aids can help the recovery of memory in brain-injured patients, but the evidence for helping the recovery of memory disorders caused by other diseases is not suffi-cient. Future research should focus on the effects and mechanisms of external memory aids, espe-cially the Internet, on memory and continue to study the effects of external memory aids on pa-tients with memory disorders in order to obtain more accurate and effective conclusions.